initial

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from .arrows import ARROWS
+from .r12spline import R12Spline
+from .curves import Bezier, EulerSpiral, Spline, random_2d_path, random_3d_path
+from .mesh import (
+    MeshBuilder,
+    MeshVertexMerger,
+    MeshTransformer,
+    MeshAverageVertexMerger,
+    MeshDiagnose,
+    FaceOrientationDetector,
+    MeshBuilderError,
+    NonManifoldMeshError,
+    MultipleMeshesError,
+    NodeMergingError,
+    DegeneratedPathError,
+)
+from .trace import TraceBuilder
+from .mleader import (
+    MultiLeaderBuilder,
+    MultiLeaderMTextBuilder,
+    MultiLeaderBlockBuilder,
+    ConnectionSide,
+    HorizontalConnection,
+    VerticalConnection,
+    LeaderType,
+    TextAlignment,
+    BlockAlignment,
+)

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/_linetypes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import Tuple, Iterable, Sequence
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+import math
+from ezdxf.math import Vec3, UVec
+
+LineSegment: TypeAlias = Tuple[Vec3, Vec3]
+
+
+class _LineTypeRenderer:
+    """Renders a line segment as multiple short segments according to the given
+    line pattern.
+
+    In contrast to the DXF line pattern is this pattern simplified and follow
+    the rule line-gap-line-gap-... a line of length 0 is a point.
+    The pattern should end with a gap (even count) and the dash length is in
+    drawing units.
+
+    Args:
+          dashes: sequence of floats, line-gap-line-gap-...
+
+    """
+    # Get the simplified line pattern by LineType.simplified_line_pattern()
+    def __init__(self, dashes: Sequence[float]):
+        self._dashes = dashes
+        self._dash_count: int = len(dashes)
+        self.is_solid: bool = True
+        self._current_dash: int = 0
+        self._current_dash_length: float = 0.0
+        if self._dash_count > 1:
+            self.is_solid = False
+            self._current_dash_length = self._dashes[0]
+            self._is_dash = True
+
+    def line_segment(self, start: UVec, end: UVec) -> Iterable[LineSegment]:
+        """Yields the line from `start` to `end` according to stored line
+        pattern as short segments. Yields only the lines and points not the
+        gaps.
+
+        """
+        _start = Vec3(start)
+        _end = Vec3(end)
+        if self.is_solid or _start.isclose(_end):
+            yield _start, _end
+            return
+
+        segment_vec = _end - _start
+        segment_length = segment_vec.magnitude
+        segment_dir = segment_vec / segment_length  # normalize
+
+        for is_dash, dash_length in self._render_dashes(segment_length):
+            _end = _start + segment_dir * dash_length
+            if is_dash:
+                yield _start, _end
+            _start = _end
+
+    def _render_dashes(self, length: float) -> Iterable[tuple[bool, float]]:
+        if length <= self._current_dash_length:
+            self._current_dash_length -= length
+            yield self._is_dash, length
+            if math.isclose(self._current_dash_length, 0.0):
+                self._cycle_dashes()
+        else:
+            # Avoid deep recursions!
+            while length > self._current_dash_length:
+                length -= self._current_dash_length
+                yield from self._render_dashes(self._current_dash_length)
+            if length > 0.0:
+                yield from self._render_dashes(length)
+
+    def _cycle_dashes(self):
+        self._current_dash = (self._current_dash + 1) % self._dash_count
+        self._current_dash_length = self._dashes[self._current_dash]
+        self._is_dash = not self._is_dash

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/abstract_mtext_renderer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2023, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+
+# This is the abstract link between the text layout engine implemented in
+# ezdxf.tools.text_layout and a concrete MTEXT renderer implementation like
+# MTextExplode or ComplexMTextRenderer.
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import Sequence, Optional
+import abc
+from ezdxf.lldxf import const
+from ezdxf import colors
+from ezdxf.entities.mtext import MText, MTextColumns
+from ezdxf.enums import (
+    MTextParagraphAlignment,
+)
+from ezdxf.fonts import fonts
+from ezdxf.tools import text_layout as tl
+from ezdxf.tools.text import (
+    MTextParser,
+    MTextContext,
+    TokenType,
+    ParagraphProperties,
+    estimate_mtext_extents,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["AbstractMTextRenderer"]
+
+ALIGN = {
+    MTextParagraphAlignment.LEFT: tl.ParagraphAlignment.LEFT,
+    MTextParagraphAlignment.RIGHT: tl.ParagraphAlignment.RIGHT,
+    MTextParagraphAlignment.CENTER: tl.ParagraphAlignment.CENTER,
+    MTextParagraphAlignment.JUSTIFIED: tl.ParagraphAlignment.JUSTIFIED,
+    MTextParagraphAlignment.DISTRIBUTED: tl.ParagraphAlignment.JUSTIFIED,
+    MTextParagraphAlignment.DEFAULT: tl.ParagraphAlignment.LEFT,
+}
+
+ATTACHMENT_POINT_TO_ALIGN = {
+    const.MTEXT_TOP_LEFT: tl.ParagraphAlignment.LEFT,
+    const.MTEXT_MIDDLE_LEFT: tl.ParagraphAlignment.LEFT,
+    const.MTEXT_BOTTOM_LEFT: tl.ParagraphAlignment.LEFT,
+    const.MTEXT_TOP_CENTER: tl.ParagraphAlignment.CENTER,
+    const.MTEXT_MIDDLE_CENTER: tl.ParagraphAlignment.CENTER,
+    const.MTEXT_BOTTOM_CENTER: tl.ParagraphAlignment.CENTER,
+    const.MTEXT_TOP_RIGHT: tl.ParagraphAlignment.RIGHT,
+    const.MTEXT_MIDDLE_RIGHT: tl.ParagraphAlignment.RIGHT,
+    const.MTEXT_BOTTOM_RIGHT: tl.ParagraphAlignment.RIGHT,
+}
+
+STACKING = {
+    "^": tl.Stacking.OVER,
+    "/": tl.Stacking.LINE,
+    "#": tl.Stacking.SLANTED,
+}
+
+
+def make_default_tab_stops(cap_height: float, width: float) -> list[tl.TabStop]:
+    tab_stops = []
+    step = 4.0 * cap_height
+    pos = step
+    while pos < width:
+        tab_stops.append(tl.TabStop(pos, tl.TabStopType.LEFT))
+        pos += step
+    return tab_stops
+
+
+def append_default_tab_stops(
+    tab_stops: list[tl.TabStop], default_stops: Sequence[tl.TabStop]
+) -> None:
+    last_pos = 0.0
+    if tab_stops:
+        last_pos = tab_stops[-1].pos
+    tab_stops.extend(stop for stop in default_stops if stop.pos > last_pos)
+
+
+def make_tab_stops(
+    cap_height: float,
+    width: float,
+    tab_stops: Sequence,
+    default_stops: Sequence[tl.TabStop],
+) -> list[tl.TabStop]:
+    _tab_stops = []
+    for stop in tab_stops:
+        if isinstance(stop, str):
+            value = float(stop[1:])
+            if stop[0] == "c":
+                kind = tl.TabStopType.CENTER
+            else:
+                kind = tl.TabStopType.RIGHT
+        else:
+            kind = tl.TabStopType.LEFT
+            value = float(stop)
+        pos = value * cap_height
+        if pos < width:
+            _tab_stops.append(tl.TabStop(pos, kind))
+
+    append_default_tab_stops(_tab_stops, default_stops)
+    return _tab_stops
+
+
+def get_stroke(ctx: MTextContext) -> int:
+    stroke = 0
+    if ctx.underline:
+        stroke += tl.Stroke.UNDERLINE
+    if ctx.strike_through:
+        stroke += tl.Stroke.STRIKE_THROUGH
+    if ctx.overline:
+        stroke += tl.Stroke.OVERLINE
+    if ctx.continue_stroke:
+        stroke += tl.Stroke.CONTINUE
+    return stroke
+
+
+def new_paragraph(
+    cells: list,
+    ctx: MTextContext,
+    cap_height: float,
+    line_spacing: float = 1,
+    width: float = 0,
+    default_stops: Optional[Sequence[tl.TabStop]] = None,
+):
+    if cells:
+        p = ctx.paragraph
+        align = ALIGN.get(p.align, tl.ParagraphAlignment.LEFT)
+        left = p.left * cap_height
+        right = p.right * cap_height
+        first = left + p.indent * cap_height  # relative to left
+        _default_stops: Sequence[tl.TabStop] = default_stops or []
+        tab_stops = _default_stops
+        if p.tab_stops:
+            tab_stops = make_tab_stops(cap_height, width, p.tab_stops, _default_stops)
+        paragraph = tl.Paragraph(
+            align=align,
+            indent=(first, left, right),
+            line_spacing=line_spacing,
+            tab_stops=tab_stops,
+        )
+        paragraph.append_content(cells)
+    else:
+        paragraph = tl.EmptyParagraph(  # type: ignore
+            cap_height=ctx.cap_height, line_spacing=line_spacing
+        )
+    return paragraph
+
+
+def super_glue():
+    return tl.NonBreakingSpace(width=0, min_width=0, max_width=0)
+
+
+def defined_width(mtext: MText) -> float:
+    width = mtext.dxf.get("width", 0.0)
+    if width < 1e-6:
+        width, height = estimate_mtext_extents(mtext)
+    return width
+
+
+def column_heights(columns: MTextColumns) -> list[Optional[float]]:
+    heights: list[Optional[float]]
+    if columns.heights:  # dynamic manual
+        heights = list(columns.heights)
+        # last height has to be auto height = None
+        heights[-1] = None
+        return heights
+    # static, dynamic auto
+    defined_height = abs(columns.defined_height)
+    if defined_height < 1e-6:
+        return [None]
+    return [defined_height] * columns.count
+
+
+class AbstractMTextRenderer(abc.ABC):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._font_cache: dict[tuple[str, float, float], fonts.AbstractFont] = {}
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def word(self, test: str, ctx: MTextContext) -> tl.ContentCell:
+        ...
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def fraction(self, data: tuple[str, str, str], ctx: MTextContext) -> tl.ContentCell:
+        ...
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def get_font_face(self, mtext: MText) -> fonts.FontFace:
+        ...
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def make_bg_renderer(self, mtext: MText) -> tl.ContentRenderer:
+        ...
+
+    def make_mtext_context(self, mtext: MText) -> MTextContext:
+        ctx = MTextContext()
+        ctx.paragraph = ParagraphProperties(
+            align=ATTACHMENT_POINT_TO_ALIGN.get(  # type: ignore
+                mtext.dxf.attachment_point, tl.ParagraphAlignment.LEFT
+            )
+        )
+        ctx.font_face = self.get_font_face(mtext)
+        ctx.cap_height = mtext.dxf.char_height
+        ctx.aci = mtext.dxf.color
+        rgb = mtext.rgb
+        if rgb is not None:
+            ctx.rgb = colors.RGB(*rgb)
+        return ctx
+
+    def get_font(self, ctx: MTextContext) -> fonts.AbstractFont:
+        ttf = fonts.find_font_file_name(ctx.font_face)  # 1st call is very slow
+        key = (ttf, ctx.cap_height, ctx.width_factor)
+        font = self._font_cache.get(key)
+        if font is None:
+            font = fonts.make_font(ttf, ctx.cap_height, ctx.width_factor)
+            self._font_cache[key] = font
+        return font
+
+    def get_stroke(self, ctx: MTextContext) -> int:
+        return get_stroke(ctx)
+
+    def get_stacking(self, type_: str) -> tl.Stacking:
+        return STACKING.get(type_, tl.Stacking.LINE)
+
+    def space_width(self, ctx: MTextContext) -> float:
+        return self.get_font(ctx).space_width()
+
+    def space(self, ctx: MTextContext):
+        return tl.Space(width=self.space_width(ctx))
+
+    def tabulator(self, ctx: MTextContext):
+        return tl.Tabulator(width=self.space_width(ctx))
+
+    def non_breaking_space(self, ctx: MTextContext):
+        return tl.NonBreakingSpace(width=self.space_width(ctx))
+
+    def layout_engine(self, mtext: MText) -> tl.Layout:
+        initial_cap_height = mtext.dxf.char_height
+        line_spacing = mtext.dxf.line_spacing_factor
+
+        def append_paragraph():
+            paragraph = new_paragraph(
+                cells,
+                ctx,
+                initial_cap_height,
+                line_spacing,
+                width,
+                default_stops,
+            )
+            layout.append_paragraphs([paragraph])
+            cells.clear()
+
+        bg_renderer = self.make_bg_renderer(mtext)
+        width = defined_width(mtext)
+        default_stops = make_default_tab_stops(initial_cap_height, width)
+        layout = tl.Layout(width=width)
+        if mtext.has_columns:
+            columns = mtext.columns
+            assert columns is not None
+            for height in column_heights(columns):
+                layout.append_column(
+                    width=columns.width,
+                    height=height,
+                    gutter=columns.gutter_width,
+                    renderer=bg_renderer,
+                )
+        else:
+            # column with auto height and default width
+            layout.append_column(renderer=bg_renderer)
+
+        content = mtext.all_columns_raw_content()
+        ctx = self.make_mtext_context(mtext)
+        cells: list[tl.Cell] = []
+        for token in MTextParser(content, ctx):
+            ctx = token.ctx
+            if token.type == TokenType.NEW_PARAGRAPH:
+                append_paragraph()
+            elif token.type == TokenType.NEW_COLUMN:
+                append_paragraph()
+                layout.next_column()
+            elif token.type == TokenType.SPACE:
+                cells.append(self.space(ctx))
+            elif token.type == TokenType.NBSP:
+                cells.append(self.non_breaking_space(ctx))
+            elif token.type == TokenType.TABULATOR:
+                cells.append(self.tabulator(ctx))
+            elif token.type == TokenType.WORD:
+                if cells and isinstance(cells[-1], (tl.Text, tl.Fraction)):
+                    # Create an unbreakable connection between those two parts.
+                    cells.append(super_glue())
+                cells.append(self.word(token.data, ctx))
+            elif token.type == TokenType.STACK:
+                if cells and isinstance(cells[-1], (tl.Text, tl.Fraction)):
+                    # Create an unbreakable connection between those two parts.
+                    cells.append(super_glue())
+                cells.append(self.fraction(token.data, ctx))
+
+        if cells:
+            append_paragraph()
+
+        return layout

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/arrows.py

@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2019-2022 Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Iterator
+from ezdxf.math import Vec2, Shape2d, NULLVEC, UVec
+from .forms import open_arrow, arrow2
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.entities import DXFGraphic
+    from ezdxf.sections.blocks import BlocksSection
+    from ezdxf.eztypes import GenericLayoutType
+
+DEFAULT_ARROW_ANGLE = 18.924644
+DEFAULT_BETA = 45.0
+
+
+# The base arrow is oriented for the right hand side ->| of the dimension line,
+# reverse is the left hand side |<-.
+class BaseArrow:
+    def __init__(self, vertices: Iterable[UVec]):
+        self.shape = Shape2d(vertices)
+
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        pass
+
+    def place(self, insert: UVec, angle: float):
+        self.shape.rotate(angle)
+        self.shape.translate(insert)
+
+
+class NoneStroke(BaseArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        super().__init__([Vec2(insert)])
+
+
+class ObliqueStroke(BaseArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        self.size = size
+        s2 = size / 2
+        # shape = [center, lower left, upper right]
+        super().__init__([Vec2((-s2, -s2)), Vec2((s2, s2))])
+        self.place(insert, angle)
+
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[0], end=self.shape[1], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class ArchTick(ObliqueStroke):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        width = self.size * 0.15
+        dxfattribs = dxfattribs or {}
+        if layout.dxfversion > "AC1009":
+            dxfattribs["const_width"] = width
+            layout.add_lwpolyline(
+                self.shape, format="xy", dxfattribs=dxfattribs  # type: ignore
+            )
+        else:
+            dxfattribs["default_start_width"] = width
+            dxfattribs["default_end_width"] = width
+            layout.add_polyline2d(self.shape, dxfattribs=dxfattribs)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class ClosedArrowBlank(BaseArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        super().__init__(open_arrow(size, angle=DEFAULT_ARROW_ANGLE))
+        self.place(insert, angle)
+
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        if layout.dxfversion > "AC1009":
+            polyline = layout.add_lwpolyline(
+                points=self.shape, dxfattribs=dxfattribs  # type: ignore
+            )
+        else:
+            polyline = layout.add_polyline2d(  # type: ignore
+                points=self.shape, dxfattribs=dxfattribs  # type: ignore
+            )
+        polyline.close(True)
+
+
+class ClosedArrow(ClosedArrowBlank):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        super().render(layout, dxfattribs)
+        end_point = self.shape[0].lerp(self.shape[2])
+
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[1], end=end_point, dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class ClosedArrowFilled(ClosedArrow):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        layout.add_solid(
+            points=self.shape,  # type: ignore
+            dxfattribs=dxfattribs,
+        )
+
+
+class _OpenArrow(BaseArrow):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        arrow_angle: float,
+        insert: UVec,
+        size: float = 1.0,
+        angle: float = 0,
+    ):
+        points = list(open_arrow(size, angle=arrow_angle))
+        points.append((-1, 0))
+        super().__init__(points)
+        self.place(insert, angle)
+
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        if layout.dxfversion > "AC1009":
+            layout.add_lwpolyline(points=self.shape[:-1], dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+        else:
+            layout.add_polyline2d(points=self.shape[:-1], dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[1], end=self.shape[-1], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class OpenArrow(_OpenArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        super().__init__(DEFAULT_ARROW_ANGLE, insert, size, angle)
+
+
+class OpenArrow30(_OpenArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        super().__init__(30, insert, size, angle)
+
+
+class OpenArrow90(_OpenArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        super().__init__(90, insert, size, angle)
+
+
+class Circle(BaseArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        self.radius = size / 2
+        # shape = [center point, connection point]
+        super().__init__(
+            [
+                Vec2((0, 0)),
+                Vec2((-self.radius, 0)),
+                Vec2((-size, 0)),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.place(insert, angle)
+
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        layout.add_circle(
+            center=self.shape[0], radius=self.radius, dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class Origin(Circle):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        super().render(layout, dxfattribs)
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[0], end=self.shape[2], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class CircleBlank(Circle):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        super().render(layout, dxfattribs)
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[1], end=self.shape[2], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class Origin2(Circle):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        layout.add_circle(
+            center=self.shape[0], radius=self.radius, dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+        layout.add_circle(
+            center=self.shape[0], radius=self.radius / 2, dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[1], end=self.shape[2], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class DotSmall(Circle):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        center = self.shape[0]
+        d = Vec2((self.radius / 2, 0))
+        p1 = center - d
+        p2 = center + d
+        dxfattribs = dxfattribs or {}
+        if layout.dxfversion > "AC1009":
+            dxfattribs["const_width"] = self.radius
+            layout.add_lwpolyline(
+                [(p1, 1), (p2, 1)],
+                format="vb",
+                close=True,
+                dxfattribs=dxfattribs,
+            )
+        else:
+            dxfattribs["default_start_width"] = self.radius
+            dxfattribs["default_end_width"] = self.radius
+            polyline = layout.add_polyline2d(
+                points=[p1, p2], close=True, dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+            )
+            polyline[0].dxf.bulge = 1
+            polyline[1].dxf.bulge = 1
+
+
+class Dot(DotSmall):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[1], end=self.shape[2], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+        super().render(layout, dxfattribs)
+
+
+class Box(BaseArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        # shape = [lower_left, lower_right, upper_right, upper_left, connection point]
+        s2 = size / 2
+        super().__init__(
+            [
+                Vec2((-s2, -s2)),
+                Vec2((+s2, -s2)),
+                Vec2((+s2, +s2)),
+                Vec2((-s2, +s2)),
+                Vec2((-s2, 0)),
+                Vec2((-size, 0)),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.place(insert, angle)
+
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        if layout.dxfversion > "AC1009":
+            polyline = layout.add_lwpolyline(
+                points=self.shape[0:4], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+            )
+        else:
+            polyline = layout.add_polyline2d(  # type: ignore
+                points=self.shape[0:4], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+            )
+        polyline.close(True)
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[4], end=self.shape[5], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class BoxFilled(Box):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        def solid_order():
+            v = self.shape.vertices
+            return [v[0], v[1], v[3], v[2]]
+
+        layout.add_solid(points=solid_order(), dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[4], end=self.shape[5], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class Integral(BaseArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        self.radius = size * 0.3535534
+        self.angle = angle
+        # shape = [center, left_center, right_center]
+        super().__init__(
+            [
+                Vec2((0, 0)),
+                Vec2((-self.radius, 0)),
+                Vec2((self.radius, 0)),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.place(insert, angle)
+
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        angle = self.angle
+        layout.add_arc(
+            center=self.shape[1],
+            radius=self.radius,
+            start_angle=-90 + angle,
+            end_angle=angle,
+            dxfattribs=dxfattribs,
+        )
+        layout.add_arc(
+            center=self.shape[2],
+            radius=self.radius,
+            start_angle=90 + angle,
+            end_angle=180 + angle,
+            dxfattribs=dxfattribs,
+        )
+
+
+class DatumTriangle(BaseArrow):
+    REVERSE_ANGLE = 180
+
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        d = 0.577350269 * size  # tan(30)
+        # shape = [upper_corner, lower_corner, connection_point]
+        super().__init__(
+            [
+                Vec2((0, d)),
+                Vec2((0, -d)),
+                Vec2((-size, 0)),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.place(insert, angle)
+
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        if layout.dxfversion > "AC1009":
+            polyline = layout.add_lwpolyline(
+                points=self.shape, dxfattribs=dxfattribs  # type: ignore
+            )
+        else:
+            polyline = layout.add_polyline2d(  # type: ignore
+                points=self.shape, dxfattribs=dxfattribs  # type: ignore
+            )
+        polyline.close(True)
+
+
+class DatumTriangleFilled(DatumTriangle):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        layout.add_solid(points=self.shape, dxfattribs=dxfattribs)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class _EzArrow(BaseArrow):
+    def __init__(self, insert: UVec, size: float = 1.0, angle: float = 0):
+        points = list(arrow2(size, angle=DEFAULT_ARROW_ANGLE))
+        points.append((-1, 0))
+        super().__init__(points)
+        self.place(insert, angle)
+
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        if layout.dxfversion > "AC1009":
+            polyline = layout.add_lwpolyline(
+                self.shape[:-1], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+            )
+        else:
+            polyline = layout.add_polyline2d(  # type: ignore
+                self.shape[:-1], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+            )
+        polyline.close(True)
+
+
+class EzArrowBlank(_EzArrow):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        super().render(layout, dxfattribs)
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[-2], end=self.shape[-1], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class EzArrow(_EzArrow):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        super().render(layout, dxfattribs)
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[1], end=self.shape[-1], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class EzArrowFilled(_EzArrow):
+    def render(self, layout: GenericLayoutType, dxfattribs=None):
+        points = self.shape.vertices
+        layout.add_solid(
+            [points[0], points[1], points[3], points[2]], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+        layout.add_line(
+            start=self.shape[-2], end=self.shape[-1], dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class _Arrows:
+    closed_filled = ""
+    dot = "DOT"
+    dot_small = "DOTSMALL"
+    dot_blank = "DOTBLANK"
+    origin_indicator = "ORIGIN"
+    origin_indicator_2 = "ORIGIN2"
+    open = "OPEN"
+    right_angle = "OPEN90"
+    open_30 = "OPEN30"
+    closed = "CLOSED"
+    dot_smallblank = "SMALL"
+    none = "NONE"
+    oblique = "OBLIQUE"
+    box_filled = "BOXFILLED"
+    box = "BOXBLANK"
+    closed_blank = "CLOSEDBLANK"
+    datum_triangle_filled = "DATUMFILLED"
+    datum_triangle = "DATUMBLANK"
+    integral = "INTEGRAL"
+    architectural_tick = "ARCHTICK"
+    # ezdxf special arrows
+    ez_arrow = "EZ_ARROW"
+    ez_arrow_blank = "EZ_ARROW_BLANK"
+    ez_arrow_filled = "EZ_ARROW_FILLED"
+
+    CLASSES = {
+        closed_filled: ClosedArrowFilled,
+        dot: Dot,
+        dot_small: DotSmall,
+        dot_blank: CircleBlank,
+        origin_indicator: Origin,
+        origin_indicator_2: Origin2,
+        open: OpenArrow,
+        right_angle: OpenArrow90,
+        open_30: OpenArrow30,
+        closed: ClosedArrow,
+        dot_smallblank: Circle,
+        none: NoneStroke,
+        oblique: ObliqueStroke,
+        box_filled: BoxFilled,
+        box: Box,
+        closed_blank: ClosedArrowBlank,
+        datum_triangle: DatumTriangle,
+        datum_triangle_filled: DatumTriangleFilled,
+        integral: Integral,
+        architectural_tick: ArchTick,
+        ez_arrow: EzArrow,
+        ez_arrow_blank: EzArrowBlank,
+        ez_arrow_filled: EzArrowFilled,
+    }
+    # arrows with origin at dimension line start/end
+    ORIGIN_ZERO = {
+        architectural_tick,
+        oblique,
+        dot_small,
+        dot_smallblank,
+        integral,
+        none,
+    }
+
+    __acad__ = {
+        closed_filled,
+        dot,
+        dot_small,
+        dot_blank,
+        origin_indicator,
+        origin_indicator_2,
+        open,
+        right_angle,
+        open_30,
+        closed,
+        dot_smallblank,
+        none,
+        oblique,
+        box_filled,
+        box,
+        closed_blank,
+        datum_triangle,
+        datum_triangle_filled,
+        integral,
+        architectural_tick,
+    }
+    __ezdxf__ = {
+        ez_arrow,
+        ez_arrow_blank,
+        ez_arrow_filled,
+    }
+    __all_arrows__ = __acad__ | __ezdxf__
+
+    EXTENSIONS_ALLOWED = {
+        architectural_tick,
+        oblique,
+        none,
+        dot_smallblank,
+        integral,
+        dot_small,
+    }
+
+    def is_acad_arrow(self, item: str) -> bool:
+        """Returns ``True`` if `item` is a standard AutoCAD arrow."""
+        return item.upper() in self.__acad__
+
+    def is_ezdxf_arrow(self, item: str) -> bool:
+        """Returns ``True`` if `item` is a special `ezdxf` arrow."""
+        return item.upper() in self.__ezdxf__
+
+    def has_extension_line(self, name):
+        """Returns ``True`` if the arrow `name` supports extension lines."""
+        return name in self.EXTENSIONS_ALLOWED
+
+    def __contains__(self, item: str) -> bool:
+        """Returns `True` if `item` is an arrow managed by this class."""
+        if item is None:
+            return False
+        return item.upper() in self.__all_arrows__
+
+    def create_block(self, blocks: BlocksSection, name: str) -> str:
+        """Creates the BLOCK definition for arrow `name`."""
+        block_name = self.block_name(name)
+        if block_name not in blocks:
+            block = blocks.new(block_name)
+            arrow = self.arrow_shape(name, insert=(0, 0), size=1, rotation=0)
+            arrow.render(block, dxfattribs={"color": 0, "linetype": "BYBLOCK"})
+        return block_name
+
+    def arrow_handle(self, blocks: BlocksSection, name: str) -> str:
+        """Returns the BLOCK_RECORD handle for arrow `name`."""
+        arrow_name = self.arrow_name(name)
+        block_name = self.create_block(blocks, arrow_name)
+        block = blocks.get(block_name)
+        return block.block_record_handle
+
+    def block_name(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Returns the block name."""
+        if not self.is_acad_arrow(name):  # common BLOCK definition
+            # e.g. Dimension.dxf.bkl = 'EZ_ARROW' == Insert.dxf.name
+            return name.upper()
+        elif name == "":
+            # special AutoCAD arrow symbol 'CLOSED_FILLED' has no name
+            # ezdxf uses blocks for ALL arrows, but '_' (closed filled) as block name?
+            return "_CLOSEDFILLED"  # Dimension.dxf.bkl = '' != Insert.dxf.name = '_CLOSED_FILLED'
+        else:
+            # add preceding '_' to AutoCAD arrow symbol names
+            # Dimension.dxf.bkl = 'DOT' != Insert.dxf.name = '_DOT'
+            return "_" + name.upper()
+
+    def arrow_name(self, block_name: str) -> str:
+        """Returns the arrow name."""
+        if block_name.startswith("_"):
+            name = block_name[1:].upper()
+            if name == "CLOSEDFILLED":
+                return ""
+            elif self.is_acad_arrow(name):
+                return name
+        return block_name
+
+    def insert_arrow(
+        self,
+        layout: GenericLayoutType,
+        name: str,
+        insert: UVec = NULLVEC,
+        size: float = 1.0,
+        rotation: float = 0,
+        *,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ) -> Vec2:
+        """Insert arrow as block reference into `layout`."""
+        block_name = self.create_block(layout.doc.blocks, name)
+
+        dxfattribs = dict(dxfattribs or {})
+        dxfattribs["rotation"] = rotation
+        dxfattribs["xscale"] = size
+        dxfattribs["yscale"] = size
+        layout.add_blockref(block_name, insert=insert, dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+        return connection_point(
+            name, insert=insert, scale=size, rotation=rotation
+        )
+
+    def render_arrow(
+        self,
+        layout: GenericLayoutType,
+        name: str,
+        insert: UVec = NULLVEC,
+        size: float = 1.0,
+        rotation: float = 0,
+        *,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ) -> Vec2:
+        """Render arrow as basic DXF entities into `layout`."""
+        dxfattribs = dict(dxfattribs or {})
+        arrow = self.arrow_shape(name, insert, size, rotation)
+        arrow.render(layout, dxfattribs)
+        return connection_point(
+            name, insert=insert, scale=size, rotation=rotation
+        )
+
+    def virtual_entities(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        insert: UVec = NULLVEC,
+        size: float = 0.625,
+        rotation: float = 0,
+        *,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ) -> Iterator[DXFGraphic]:
+        """Returns all arrow components as virtual DXF entities."""
+        from ezdxf.layouts import VirtualLayout
+
+        if name in self:
+            layout = VirtualLayout()
+            ARROWS.render_arrow(
+                layout,
+                name,
+                insert=insert,
+                size=size,
+                rotation=rotation,
+                dxfattribs=dxfattribs,
+            )
+            yield from iter(layout)
+
+    def arrow_shape(
+        self, name: str, insert: UVec, size: float, rotation: float
+    ) -> BaseArrow:
+        """Returns an instance of the shape management class for arrow `name`."""
+        # size depending shapes
+        name = name.upper()
+        if name == self.dot_small:
+            size *= 0.25
+        elif name == self.dot_smallblank:
+            size *= 0.5
+        cls = self.CLASSES[name]
+        return cls(insert, size, rotation)
+
+
+def connection_point(
+    arrow_name: str, insert: UVec, scale: float = 1.0, rotation: float = 0.0
+) -> Vec2:
+    """Returns the connection point for `arrow_name`."""
+    insert = Vec2(insert)
+    if ARROWS.arrow_name(arrow_name) in _Arrows.ORIGIN_ZERO:
+        return insert
+    else:
+        return insert - Vec2.from_deg_angle(rotation, scale)
+
+
+def arrow_length(arrow_name: str, scale: float = 1.0) -> float:
+    """Returns the scaled arrow length of `arrow_name`."""
+    if ARROWS.arrow_name(arrow_name) in _Arrows.ORIGIN_ZERO:
+        return 0.0
+    else:
+        return scale
+
+
+ARROWS: _Arrows = _Arrows()

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/curves.py

@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2010-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Optional
+import random
+import math
+from ezdxf.math import (
+    Vec3,
+    Vec2,
+    UVec,
+    Matrix44,
+    perlin,
+    Bezier4P,
+    global_bspline_interpolation,
+    BSpline,
+    open_uniform_bspline,
+    closed_uniform_bspline,
+    EulerSpiral as _EulerSpiral,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.layouts import BaseLayout
+
+
+def rnd(max_value):
+    return max_value / 2.0 - random.random() * max_value
+
+
+def rnd_perlin(max_value, walker):
+    r = perlin.snoise2(walker.x, walker.y)
+    return max_value / 2.0 - r * max_value
+
+
+def random_2d_path(
+    steps: int = 100,
+    max_step_size: float = 1.0,
+    max_heading: float = math.pi / 2,
+    retarget: int = 20,
+) -> Iterable[Vec2]:
+    """Returns a random 2D path as iterable of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2`
+    objects.
+
+    Args:
+        steps: count of vertices to generate
+        max_step_size: max step size
+        max_heading: limit heading angle change per step to ± max_heading/2 in
+            radians
+        retarget: specifies steps before changing global walking target
+
+    """
+    max_ = max_step_size * steps
+
+    def next_global_target():
+        return Vec2((rnd(max_), rnd(max_)))
+
+    walker = Vec2(0, 0)
+    target = next_global_target()
+    for i in range(steps):
+        if i % retarget == 0:
+            target = target + next_global_target()
+        angle = (target - walker).angle
+        heading = angle + rnd_perlin(max_heading, walker)
+        length = max_step_size * random.random()
+        walker = walker + Vec2.from_angle(heading, length)
+        yield walker
+
+
+def random_3d_path(
+    steps: int = 100,
+    max_step_size: float = 1.0,
+    max_heading: float = math.pi / 2.0,
+    max_pitch: float = math.pi / 8.0,
+    retarget: int = 20,
+) -> Iterable[Vec3]:
+    """Returns a random 3D path as iterable of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec3`
+    objects.
+
+    Args:
+        steps: count of vertices to generate
+        max_step_size: max step size
+        max_heading: limit heading angle change per step to ± max_heading/2,
+            rotation about the z-axis in radians
+        max_pitch: limit pitch angle change per step to ± max_pitch/2, rotation
+            about the x-axis in radians
+        retarget: specifies steps before changing global walking target
+
+    """
+    max_ = max_step_size * steps
+
+    def next_global_target():
+        return Vec3((rnd(max_), rnd(max_), rnd(max_)))
+
+    walker = Vec3()
+    target = next_global_target()
+    for i in range(steps):
+        if i % retarget == 0:
+            target = target + next_global_target()
+        angle = (target - walker).angle
+        length = max_step_size * random.random()
+        heading_angle = angle + rnd_perlin(max_heading, walker)
+        next_step = Vec3.from_angle(heading_angle, length)
+        pitch_angle = rnd_perlin(max_pitch, walker)
+        walker += Matrix44.x_rotate(pitch_angle).transform(next_step)
+        yield walker
+
+
+class Bezier:
+    """Render a bezier curve as 2D/3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`.
+
+    The :class:`Bezier` class is implemented with multiple segments, each
+    segment is an optimized 4 point bezier curve, the 4 control points of the
+    curve are: the start point (1) and the end point (4), point (2) is start
+    point + start vector and point (3) is end point + end vector. Each segment
+    has its own approximation count.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        The new :mod:`ezdxf.path` package provides many advanced construction tools
+        based on the :class:`~ezdxf.path.Path` class.
+
+    """
+
+    class Segment:
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            start: UVec,
+            end: UVec,
+            start_tangent: UVec,
+            end_tangent: UVec,
+            segments: int,
+        ):
+            self.start = Vec3(start)
+            self.end = Vec3(end)
+            self.start_tangent = Vec3(
+                start_tangent
+            )  # as vector, from start point
+            self.end_tangent = Vec3(end_tangent)  # as vector, from end point
+            self.segments = segments
+
+        def approximate(self) -> Iterable[Vec3]:
+            control_points = [
+                self.start,
+                self.start + self.start_tangent,
+                self.end + self.end_tangent,
+                self.end,
+            ]
+            bezier = Bezier4P(control_points)
+            return bezier.approximate(self.segments)
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # fit point, first control vector, second control vector, segment count
+        self.points: list[
+            tuple[Vec3, Optional[Vec3], Optional[Vec3], Optional[int]]
+        ] = []
+
+    def start(self, point: UVec, tangent: UVec) -> None:
+        """Set start point and start tangent.
+
+        Args:
+            point: start point
+            tangent: start tangent as vector, example: (5, 0, 0) means a
+                     horizontal tangent with a length of 5 drawing units
+        """
+        self.points.append((Vec3(point), None, tangent, None))
+
+    def append(
+        self,
+        point: UVec,
+        tangent1: UVec,
+        tangent2: Optional[UVec] = None,
+        segments: int = 20,
+    ):
+        """Append a control point with two control tangents.
+
+        Args:
+            point: control point
+            tangent1: first tangent as vector "left" of the control point
+            tangent2: second tangent as vector "right" of the control point,
+                if omitted `tangent2` = `-tangent1`
+            segments: count of line segments for the polyline approximation,
+                count of line segments from the previous control point to the
+                appended control point.
+
+        """
+        tangent1 = Vec3(tangent1)
+        if tangent2 is None:
+            tangent2 = -tangent1
+        else:
+            tangent2 = Vec3(tangent2)
+        self.points.append((Vec3(point), tangent1, tangent2, int(segments)))
+
+    def _build_bezier_segments(self) -> Iterable[Segment]:
+        if len(self.points) > 1:
+            for from_point, to_point in zip(self.points[:-1], self.points[1:]):
+                start_point = from_point[0]
+                start_tangent = from_point[2]  # tangent2
+                end_point = to_point[0]
+                end_tangent = to_point[1]  # tangent1
+                count = to_point[3]
+                yield Bezier.Segment(
+                    start_point, end_point, start_tangent, end_tangent, count  # type: ignore
+                )
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Two or more points needed!")
+
+    def render(
+        self,
+        layout: BaseLayout,
+        force3d: bool = False,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Render Bezier curve as 2D/3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            force3d: force 3D polyline rendering
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        points: list[Vec3] = []
+        for segment in self._build_bezier_segments():
+            points.extend(segment.approximate())
+        if force3d or any(p[2] for p in points):
+            layout.add_polyline3d(points, dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+        else:
+            layout.add_polyline2d(points, dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+
+
+class Spline:
+    """This class can be used to render B-splines into DXF R12 files as
+    approximated :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline` entities.
+    The advantage of this class over the :class:`R12Spline` class is,
+    that this is a real 3D curve, which means that the B-spline vertices do
+    have to be located in a flat plane, and no :ref:`UCS` class is needed to
+    place the curve in 3D space.
+
+    .. seealso::
+
+        The newer :class:`~ezdxf.math.BSpline` class provides the
+        advanced vertex interpolation method :meth:`~ezdxf.math.BSpline.flattening`.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, points: Optional[Iterable[UVec]] = None, segments: int = 100
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            points: spline definition points
+            segments: count of line segments for approximation, vertex count is
+                `segments` + 1
+
+        """
+        if points is None:
+            points = []
+        self.points: list[Vec3] = Vec3.list(points)
+        self.segments = int(segments)
+
+    def subdivide(self, segments: int = 4) -> None:
+        """Calculate overall segment count, where segments is the sub-segment
+        count, `segments` = 4, means 4 line segments between two definition
+        points e.g. 4 definition points and 4 segments = 12 overall segments,
+        useful for fit point rendering.
+
+        Args:
+            segments: sub-segments count between two definition points
+
+        """
+        self.segments = (len(self.points) - 1) * segments
+
+    def render_as_fit_points(
+        self,
+        layout: BaseLayout,
+        degree: int = 3,
+        method: str = "chord",
+        dxfattribs: Optional[dict] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Render a B-spline as 2D/3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`, where
+        the definition points are fit points.
+
+           - 2D spline vertices uses: :meth:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout.add_polyline2d`
+           - 3D spline vertices uses: :meth:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout.add_polyline3d`
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            degree: degree of B-spline (order = `degree` + 1)
+            method: "uniform", "distance"/"chord", "centripetal"/"sqrt_chord" or
+                "arc" calculation method for parameter t
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        spline = global_bspline_interpolation(
+            self.points, degree=degree, method=method
+        )
+        vertices = list(spline.approximate(self.segments))
+        if any(vertex.z != 0.0 for vertex in vertices):
+            layout.add_polyline3d(vertices, dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+        else:
+            layout.add_polyline2d(vertices, dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+
+    render = render_as_fit_points
+
+    def render_open_bspline(
+        self, layout: BaseLayout, degree: int = 3, dxfattribs=None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Render an open uniform B-spline as 3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`.
+        Definition points are control points.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            degree: degree of B-spline (order = `degree` + 1)
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        spline = BSpline(self.points, order=degree + 1)
+        layout.add_polyline3d(
+            list(spline.approximate(self.segments)), dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+    def render_uniform_bspline(
+        self, layout: BaseLayout, degree: int = 3, dxfattribs=None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Render a uniform B-spline as 3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`.
+        Definition points are control points.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            degree: degree of B-spline (order = `degree` + 1)
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        spline = open_uniform_bspline(self.points, order=degree + 1)
+        layout.add_polyline3d(
+            list(spline.approximate(self.segments)), dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+    def render_closed_bspline(
+        self, layout: BaseLayout, degree: int = 3, dxfattribs=None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Render a closed uniform B-spline as 3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`.
+        Definition points are control points.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            degree: degree of B-spline (order = `degree` + 1)
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        spline = closed_uniform_bspline(self.points, order=degree + 1)
+        layout.add_polyline3d(
+            list(spline.approximate(self.segments)), dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+    def render_open_rbspline(
+        self,
+        layout: BaseLayout,
+        weights: Iterable[float],
+        degree: int = 3,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Render a rational open uniform BSpline as 3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`.
+        Definition points are control points.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            weights: list of weights, requires a weight value (float) for each
+                definition point.
+            degree: degree of B-spline (order = `degree` + 1)
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        spline = BSpline(self.points, order=degree + 1, weights=weights)
+        layout.add_polyline3d(
+            list(spline.approximate(self.segments)), dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+    def render_uniform_rbspline(
+        self,
+        layout: BaseLayout,
+        weights: Iterable[float],
+        degree: int = 3,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Render a rational uniform B-spline as 3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`.
+        Definition points are control points.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            weights: list of weights, requires a weight value (float) for each
+                definition point.
+            degree: degree of B-spline (order = `degree` + 1)
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        spline = closed_uniform_bspline(
+            self.points, order=degree + 1, weights=weights
+        )
+        layout.add_polyline3d(
+            list(spline.approximate(self.segments)), dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+    def render_closed_rbspline(
+        self,
+        layout: BaseLayout,
+        weights: Iterable[float],
+        degree: int = 3,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Render a rational B-spline as 3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`.
+        Definition points are control points.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            weights: list of weights, requires a weight value (float) for each
+                definition point.
+            degree: degree of B-spline (order = `degree` + 1)
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        spline = closed_uniform_bspline(
+            self.points, order=degree + 1, weights=weights
+        )
+        layout.add_polyline3d(
+            list(spline.approximate(self.segments)), dxfattribs=dxfattribs
+        )
+
+
+class EulerSpiral:
+    """Render an `euler spiral <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_spiral>`_
+    as a 3D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline` or a
+    :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Spline` entity.
+
+    This is a parametric curve, which always starts at the origin (0, 0).
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, curvature: float = 1):
+        """
+        Args:
+            curvature: Radius of curvature
+
+        """
+        self.spiral = _EulerSpiral(float(curvature))
+
+    def render_polyline(
+        self,
+        layout: BaseLayout,
+        length: float = 1,
+        segments: int = 100,
+        matrix: Optional[Matrix44] = None,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ):
+        """Render curve as :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            length: length measured along the spiral curve from its initial position
+            segments: count of line segments to use, vertex count is `segments` + 1
+            matrix: transformation matrix as :class:`~ezdxf.math.Matrix44`
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        Returns:
+            :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        points = self.spiral.approximate(length, segments)
+        if matrix is not None:
+            points = matrix.transform_vertices(points)
+        return layout.add_polyline3d(list(points), dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+
+    def render_spline(
+        self,
+        layout: BaseLayout,
+        length: float = 1,
+        fit_points: int = 10,
+        degree: int = 3,
+        matrix: Optional[Matrix44] = None,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Render curve as :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Spline`.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            length: length measured along the spiral curve from its initial position
+            fit_points: count of spline fit points to use
+            degree: degree of B-spline
+            matrix: transformation matrix as :class:`~ezdxf.math.Matrix44`
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Spline`
+
+        Returns:
+            :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Spline`
+
+        """
+        spline = self.spiral.bspline(length, fit_points, degree=degree)
+        points = spline.control_points
+        if matrix is not None:
+            points = matrix.transform_vertices(points)
+        return layout.add_open_spline(
+            control_points=points,
+            degree=spline.degree,
+            knots=spline.knots(),
+            dxfattribs=dxfattribs,
+        )

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/dim_curved.py

@@ -0,0 +1,977 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+from abc import abstractmethod
+import logging
+import math
+
+from ezdxf.math import (
+    Vec2,
+    Vec3,
+    NULLVEC,
+    UCS,
+    decdeg2dms,
+    arc_angle_span_rad,
+    xround,
+)
+from ezdxf.entities import DimStyleOverride, Dimension, DXFEntity
+from .dim_base import (
+    BaseDimensionRenderer,
+    get_required_defpoint,
+    format_text,
+    apply_dimpost,
+    Tolerance,
+    Measurement,
+    LengthMeasurement,
+    compile_mtext,
+    order_leader_points,
+    get_center_leader_points,
+)
+from ezdxf.render.arrows import ARROWS, arrow_length
+from ezdxf.tools.text import is_upside_down_text_angle
+from ezdxf.math import intersection_line_line_2d
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.eztypes import GenericLayoutType
+
+__all__ = ["AngularDimension", "Angular3PDimension", "ArcLengthDimension"]
+logger = logging.getLogger("ezdxf")
+
+ARC_PREFIX = "( "
+
+
+def has_required_attributes(entity: DXFEntity, attrib_names: list[str]):
+    has = entity.dxf.hasattr
+    return all(has(attrib_name) for attrib_name in attrib_names)
+
+
+GRAD = 200.0 / math.pi
+DEG = 180.0 / math.pi
+
+
+def format_angular_text(
+    value: float,
+    angle_units: int,
+    dimrnd: Optional[float],
+    dimdec: int,
+    dimzin: int,
+    dimdsep: str,
+) -> str:
+    def decimal_format(_value: float) -> str:
+        return format_text(
+            _value,
+            dimrnd=dimrnd,
+            dimdec=dimdec,
+            dimzin=dimzin,
+            dimdsep=dimdsep,
+        )
+
+    def dms_format(_value: float) -> str:
+        if dimrnd is not None:
+            _value = xround(_value, dimrnd)
+        d, m, s = decdeg2dms(_value)
+        if dimdec > 4:
+            places = dimdec - 5
+            s = round(s, places)
+            return f"{d:.0f}°{m:.0f}'{decimal_format(s)}\""
+        if dimdec > 2:
+            return f"{d:.0f}°{m:.0f}'{s:.0f}\""
+        if dimdec > 0:
+            return f"{d:.0f}°{m:.0f}'"
+        return f"{d:.0f}°"
+
+    # angular_unit:
+    # 0 = Decimal degrees
+    # 1 = Degrees/minutes/seconds
+    # 2 = Grad
+    # 3 = Radians
+    text = ""
+    if angle_units == 0:
+        text = decimal_format(value * DEG) + "°"
+    elif angle_units == 1:
+        text = dms_format(value * DEG)
+    elif angle_units == 2:
+        text = decimal_format(value * GRAD) + "g"
+    elif angle_units == 3:
+        text = decimal_format(value) + "r"
+    return text
+
+
+_ANGLE_UNITS = [
+    DEG,
+    DEG,
+    GRAD,
+    1.0,
+]
+
+
+def to_radians(value: float, dimaunit: int) -> float:
+    try:
+        return value / _ANGLE_UNITS[dimaunit]
+    except IndexError:
+        return value / DEG
+
+
+class AngularTolerance(Tolerance):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dim_style: DimStyleOverride,
+        cap_height: float = 1.0,
+        width_factor: float = 1.0,
+        dim_scale: float = 1.0,
+        angle_units: int = 0,
+    ):
+        self.angular_units = angle_units
+        super().__init__(dim_style, cap_height, width_factor, dim_scale)
+        # Tolerance values are interpreted in dimaunit:
+        # dimtp 1 means 1 degree for dimaunit = 0 or 1, but 1 radians for
+        # dimaunit = 3
+        # format_text() requires radians as input:
+        self.update_tolerance_text(
+            to_radians(self.maximum, angle_units),
+            to_radians(self.minimum, angle_units),
+        )
+
+    def format_text(self, value: float) -> str:
+        """Rounding and text formatting of tolerance `value`, removes leading
+        and trailing zeros if necessary.
+
+        """
+        return format_angular_text(
+            value=value,
+            angle_units=self.angular_units,
+            dimrnd=None,
+            dimdec=self.decimal_places,
+            dimzin=self.suppress_zeros,
+            dimdsep=self.text_decimal_separator,
+        )
+
+    def update_limits(self, measurement: float) -> None:
+        # measurement is in radians, tolerance values are interpreted in
+        # dimaunit: dimtp 1 means 1 degree for dimaunit = 0 or 1,
+        # but 1 radians for dimaunit = 3
+        # format_text() requires radians as input:
+        upper_limit = measurement + to_radians(self.maximum, self.angular_units)
+        lower_limit = measurement - to_radians(self.minimum, self.angular_units)
+        self.text_upper = self.format_text(upper_limit)
+        self.text_lower = self.format_text(lower_limit)
+        self.text_width = self.get_text_width(self.text_upper, self.text_lower)
+
+
+class AngleMeasurement(Measurement):
+    def update(self, raw_measurement_value: float) -> None:
+        self.raw_value = raw_measurement_value
+        self.value = raw_measurement_value
+        self.text = self.text_override(raw_measurement_value)
+
+    def format_text(self, value: float) -> str:
+        text = format_angular_text(
+            value=value,
+            angle_units=self.angle_units,
+            dimrnd=None,
+            dimdec=self.angular_decimal_places,
+            dimzin=self.angular_suppress_zeros << 2,  # convert to dimzin value
+            dimdsep=self.decimal_separator,
+        )
+        if self.text_post_process_format:
+            text = apply_dimpost(text, self.text_post_process_format)
+        return text
+
+
+def fits_into_arc_span(length: float, radius: float, arc_span: float) -> bool:
+    required_arc_span: float = length / radius
+    return arc_span > required_arc_span
+
+
+class _CurvedDimensionLine(BaseDimensionRenderer):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(dimension, ucs, override)
+        # Common parameters for all sub-classes:
+        # Use hidden line detection for dimension line:
+        # Disable expensive hidden line calculation if possible!
+        self.remove_hidden_lines_of_dimline = True
+        self.center_of_arc: Vec2 = self.get_center_of_arc()
+        self.dim_line_radius: float = self.get_dim_line_radius()
+        self.ext1_dir: Vec2 = self.get_ext1_dir()
+        self.start_angle_rad: float = self.ext1_dir.angle
+        self.ext2_dir: Vec2 = self.get_ext2_dir()
+        self.end_angle_rad: float = self.ext2_dir.angle
+
+        # Angle between extension lines for all curved dimensions:
+        # equal to the angle measurement of angular dimensions
+        self.arc_angle_span_rad: float = arc_angle_span_rad(
+            self.start_angle_rad, self.end_angle_rad
+        )
+        self.center_angle_rad = (
+            self.start_angle_rad + self.arc_angle_span_rad / 2.0
+        )
+
+        # Additional required parameters but calculated later by sub-classes:
+        self.ext1_start = Vec2()  # start of 1st extension line
+        self.ext2_start = Vec2()  # start of 2nd extension line
+
+        # Class specific setup:
+        self.update_measurement()
+        if self.tol.has_limits:
+            self.tol.update_limits(self.measurement.value)
+
+        # Text width and -height is required first, text location and -rotation
+        # are not valid yet:
+        self.text_box = self.init_text_box()
+
+        # Place arrows outside?
+        self.arrows_outside = False
+
+        self.setup_text_and_arrow_fitting()
+        self.setup_text_location()
+
+        # update text box location and -rotation:
+        self.text_box.center = self.measurement.text_location
+        self.text_box.angle = self.measurement.text_rotation
+        self.geometry.set_text_box(self.text_box)
+
+        # Update final text location in the DIMENSION entity:
+        self.dimension.dxf.text_midpoint = self.measurement.text_location
+
+    @property
+    def ocs_center_of_arc(self) -> Vec3:
+        return self.geometry.ucs.to_ocs(Vec3(self.center_of_arc))
+
+    @property
+    def dim_midpoint(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Return the midpoint of the dimension line."""
+        return self.center_of_arc + Vec2.from_angle(
+            self.center_angle_rad, self.dim_line_radius
+        )
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def update_measurement(self) -> None:
+        """Setup measurement text."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_ext1_dir(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Return the direction of the 1st extension line == start angle."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_ext2_dir(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Return the direction of the 2nd extension line == end angle."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_center_of_arc(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Return the center of the arc."""
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_dim_line_radius(self) -> float:
+        """Return the distance from the center of the arc to the dimension line
+        location
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_defpoints(self) -> list[Vec2]:
+        ...
+
+    def transform_ucs_to_wcs(self) -> None:
+        """Transforms dimension definition points into WCS or if required into
+        OCS.
+        """
+
+        def from_ucs(attr, func):
+            if dxf.is_supported(attr):
+                point = dxf.get(attr, NULLVEC)
+                dxf.set(attr, func(point))
+
+        dxf = self.dimension.dxf
+        ucs = self.geometry.ucs
+        from_ucs("defpoint", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("defpoint2", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("defpoint3", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("defpoint4", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("defpoint5", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("text_midpoint", ucs.to_ocs)
+
+    def default_location(self, shift: float = 0.0) -> Vec2:
+        radius = (
+            self.dim_line_radius
+            + self.measurement.text_vertical_distance()
+            + shift
+        )
+        text_radial_dir = Vec2.from_angle(self.center_angle_rad)
+        return self.center_of_arc + text_radial_dir * radius
+
+    def setup_text_and_arrow_fitting(self) -> None:
+        # self.text_box.width includes the gaps between text and dimension line
+        # Is the measurement text without the arrows too wide to fit between the
+        # extension lines?
+        self.measurement.is_wide_text = not fits_into_arc_span(
+            self.text_box.width, self.dim_line_radius, self.arc_angle_span_rad
+        )
+
+        required_text_and_arrows_space: float = (
+            # The suppression of the arrows is not taken into account:
+            self.text_box.width
+            + 2.0 * self.arrows.arrow_size
+        )
+
+        # dimatfit: measurement text fitting rule is ignored!
+        # Place arrows outside?
+        self.arrows_outside = not fits_into_arc_span(
+            required_text_and_arrows_space,
+            self.dim_line_radius,
+            self.arc_angle_span_rad,
+        )
+        # Place measurement text outside?
+        self.measurement.text_is_outside = not fits_into_arc_span(
+            required_text_and_arrows_space * 1.1,  # add some extra space
+            self.dim_line_radius,
+            self.arc_angle_span_rad,
+        )
+
+        if (
+            self.measurement.text_is_outside
+            and self.measurement.user_text_rotation is None
+        ):
+            # Intersection of the measurement text with the dimension line is
+            # not possible:
+            self.remove_hidden_lines_of_dimline = False
+
+    def setup_text_location(self) -> None:
+        """Setup geometric text properties (location, rotation) and the TextBox
+        object.
+        """
+        # dimtix: measurement.force_text_inside is ignored
+        # dimtih: measurement.text_inside_horizontal is ignored
+        # dimtoh: measurement.text_outside_horizontal is ignored
+
+        # text radial direction = center -> text
+        text_radial_dir: Vec2  # text "vertical" direction
+        measurement = self.measurement
+
+        # determine text location:
+        at_default_location: bool = measurement.user_location is None
+        has_text_shifting: bool = bool(
+            measurement.text_shift_h or measurement.text_shift_v
+        )
+        if at_default_location:
+            # place text in the "horizontal" center of the dimension line at the
+            # default location defined by measurement.text_valign (dimtad):
+            text_radial_dir = Vec2.from_angle(self.center_angle_rad)
+            shift_text_upwards: float = 0.0
+            if measurement.text_is_outside:
+                # reset vertical alignment to "above"
+                measurement.text_valign = 1
+                if measurement.is_wide_text:
+                    # move measurement text "above" the extension line endings:
+                    shift_text_upwards = self.extension_lines.extension_above
+            measurement.text_location = self.default_location(
+                shift=shift_text_upwards
+            )
+            if (
+                measurement.text_valign > 0 and not has_text_shifting
+            ):  # not in the center and no text shifting is applied
+                # disable expensive hidden line calculation
+                self.remove_hidden_lines_of_dimline = False
+        else:
+            # apply dimtmove: measurement.text_movement_rule
+            user_location = measurement.user_location
+            assert isinstance(user_location, Vec2)
+            if measurement.relative_user_location:
+                user_location += self.dim_midpoint
+            measurement.text_location = user_location
+            if measurement.text_movement_rule == 0:
+                # Moves the dimension line with dimension text and
+                # aligns the text direction perpendicular to the connection
+                # line from the arc center to the text center:
+                self.dim_line_radius = (
+                    self.center_of_arc - user_location
+                ).magnitude
+                # Attributes about the text and arrow fitting have to be
+                # updated now:
+                self.setup_text_and_arrow_fitting()
+            elif measurement.text_movement_rule == 1:
+                # Adds a leader when dimension text, text direction is
+                # "horizontal" or user text rotation if given.
+                # Leader location is defined by dimtad (text_valign):
+                # "center" - connects to the left or right center of the text
+                # "below" - add a line below the text
+                if measurement.user_text_rotation is None:
+                    # override text rotation
+                    measurement.user_text_rotation = 0.0
+                measurement.text_is_outside = True  # by definition
+            elif measurement.text_movement_rule == 2:
+                # Allows text to be moved freely without a leader and
+                # aligns the text direction perpendicular to the connection
+                # line from the arc center to the text center:
+                measurement.text_is_outside = True  # by definition
+            text_radial_dir = (
+                measurement.text_location - self.center_of_arc
+            ).normalize()
+
+        # set text "horizontal":
+        text_tangential_dir = text_radial_dir.orthogonal(ccw=False)
+
+        if at_default_location and has_text_shifting:
+            # Apply text relative shift (ezdxf only feature)
+            if measurement.text_shift_h:
+                measurement.text_location += (
+                    text_tangential_dir * measurement.text_shift_h
+                )
+            if measurement.text_shift_v:
+                measurement.text_location += (
+                    text_radial_dir * measurement.text_shift_v
+                )
+
+        # apply user text rotation; rotation in degrees:
+        if measurement.user_text_rotation is None:
+            rotation = text_tangential_dir.angle_deg
+        else:
+            rotation = measurement.user_text_rotation
+
+        if not self.geometry.requires_extrusion:
+            # todo: extrusion vector (0, 0, -1)?
+            # Practically all DIMENSION entities are 2D entities,
+            # where OCS == WCS, check WCS text orientation:
+            wcs_angle = self.geometry.ucs.to_ocs_angle_deg(rotation)
+            if is_upside_down_text_angle(wcs_angle):
+                measurement.has_upside_down_correction = True
+                rotation += 180.0  # apply to UCS rotation!
+        measurement.text_rotation = rotation
+
+    def get_leader_points(self) -> tuple[Vec2, Vec2]:
+        # Leader location is defined by dimtad (text_valign):
+        # "center":
+        # - connects to the left or right vertical center of the text
+        # - distance between text and leader line is measurement.text_gap (dimgap)
+        #   and is already included in the text_box corner points
+        # - length of "leg": arrows.arrow_size
+        # "below" - add a line below the text
+        if self.measurement.text_valign == 0:  # "center"
+            return get_center_leader_points(
+                self.dim_midpoint, self.text_box, self.arrows.arrow_size
+            )
+        else:  # "below"
+            c0, c1, c2, c3 = self.text_box.corners
+            if self.measurement.has_upside_down_correction:
+                p1, p2 = c2, c3
+            else:
+                p1, p2 = c0, c1
+            return order_leader_points(self.dim_midpoint, p1, p2)
+
+    def render(self, block: GenericLayoutType) -> None:
+        """Main method to create dimension geometry of basic DXF entities in the
+        associated BLOCK layout.
+
+        Args:
+            block: target BLOCK for rendering
+
+        """
+        super().render(block)
+        self.add_extension_lines()
+        adjust_start_angle, adjust_end_angle = self.add_arrows()
+
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if measurement.text:
+            if self.geometry.supports_dxf_r2000:
+                text = compile_mtext(measurement, self.tol)
+            else:
+                text = measurement.text
+            self.add_measurement_text(
+                text, measurement.text_location, measurement.text_rotation
+            )
+            if measurement.has_leader:
+                p1, p2 = self.get_leader_points()
+                self.add_leader(self.dim_midpoint, p1, p2)
+        self.add_dimension_line(adjust_start_angle, adjust_end_angle)
+        self.geometry.add_defpoints(self.get_defpoints())
+
+    def add_extension_lines(self) -> None:
+        ext_lines = self.extension_lines
+        if not ext_lines.suppress1:
+            self._add_ext_line(
+                self.ext1_start, self.ext1_dir, ext_lines.dxfattribs(1)
+            )
+        if not ext_lines.suppress2:
+            self._add_ext_line(
+                self.ext2_start, self.ext2_dir, ext_lines.dxfattribs(2)
+            )
+
+    def _add_ext_line(self, start: Vec2, direction: Vec2, dxfattribs) -> None:
+        ext_lines = self.extension_lines
+        center = self.center_of_arc
+        radius = self.dim_line_radius
+        ext_above = ext_lines.extension_above
+        is_inside = (start - center).magnitude > radius
+
+        if ext_lines.has_fixed_length:
+            ext_below = ext_lines.length_below
+            if is_inside:
+                ext_below, ext_above = ext_above, ext_below
+            start = center + direction * (radius - ext_below)
+        else:
+            offset = ext_lines.offset
+            if is_inside:
+                ext_above = -ext_above
+                offset = -offset
+            start += direction * offset
+        end = center + direction * (radius + ext_above)
+        self.add_line(start, end, dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+
+    def add_arrows(self) -> tuple[float, float]:
+        """Add arrows or ticks to dimension.
+
+        Returns: dimension start- and end angle offsets to adjust the
+            dimension line
+
+        """
+        arrows = self.arrows
+        attribs = arrows.dxfattribs()
+        radius = self.dim_line_radius
+        if abs(radius) < 1e-12:
+            return 0.0, 0.0
+
+        start = self.center_of_arc + self.ext1_dir * radius
+        end = self.center_of_arc + self.ext2_dir * radius
+        angle1 = self.ext1_dir.orthogonal().angle_deg
+        angle2 = self.ext2_dir.orthogonal().angle_deg
+        outside = self.arrows_outside
+        arrow1 = not arrows.suppress1
+        arrow2 = not arrows.suppress2
+        start_angle_offset = 0.0
+        end_angle_offset = 0.0
+        if arrows.tick_size > 0.0:  # oblique stroke, but double the size
+            if arrow1:
+                self.add_blockref(
+                    ARROWS.oblique,
+                    insert=start,
+                    rotation=angle1,
+                    scale=arrows.tick_size * 2.0,
+                    dxfattribs=attribs,
+                )
+            if arrow2:
+                self.add_blockref(
+                    ARROWS.oblique,
+                    insert=end,
+                    rotation=angle2,
+                    scale=arrows.tick_size * 2.0,
+                    dxfattribs=attribs,
+                )
+        else:
+            arrow_size = arrows.arrow_size
+            # Note: The arrow blocks are correct as they are!
+            # The arrow head is tilted to match the connection point of the
+            # dimension line (even for datum arrows).
+            # tilting angle = 1/2 of the arc angle defined by the arrow length
+            arrow_tilt: float = arrow_size / radius * 0.5 * DEG
+            start_angle = angle1 + 180.0
+            end_angle = angle2
+            if outside:
+                start_angle += 180.0
+                end_angle += 180.0
+                arrow_tilt = -arrow_tilt
+            scale = arrow_size
+            if arrow1:
+                self.add_blockref(
+                    arrows.arrow1_name,
+                    insert=start,
+                    scale=scale,
+                    rotation=start_angle + arrow_tilt,
+                    dxfattribs=attribs,
+                )  # reverse
+            if arrow2:
+                self.add_blockref(
+                    arrows.arrow2_name,
+                    insert=end,
+                    scale=scale,
+                    rotation=end_angle - arrow_tilt,
+                    dxfattribs=attribs,
+                )
+            if not outside:
+                # arrows inside extension lines:
+                # adjust angles for the remaining dimension line
+                if arrow1:
+                    start_angle_offset = (
+                        arrow_length(arrows.arrow1_name, arrow_size) / radius
+                    )
+                if arrow2:
+                    end_angle_offset = (
+                        arrow_length(arrows.arrow2_name, arrow_size) / radius
+                    )
+        return start_angle_offset, end_angle_offset
+
+    def add_dimension_line(
+        self,
+        start_offset: float,
+        end_offset: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        # Start- and end angle adjustments have to be limited between the
+        # extension lines.
+        # Negative offset extends the dimension line outside!
+        start_angle: float = self.start_angle_rad
+        end_angle: float = self.end_angle_rad
+        arrows = self.arrows
+        size = arrows.arrow_size
+        radius = self.dim_line_radius
+        max_adjustment: float = abs(self.arc_angle_span_rad) / 2.0
+
+        if start_offset > max_adjustment:
+            start_offset = 0.0
+        if end_offset > max_adjustment:
+            end_offset = 0.0
+
+        self.add_arc(
+            self.center_of_arc,
+            radius,
+            start_angle + start_offset,
+            end_angle - end_offset,
+            dxfattribs=self.dimension_line.dxfattribs(),
+            # hidden line detection if text is not placed outside:
+            remove_hidden_lines=self.remove_hidden_lines_of_dimline,
+        )
+        if self.arrows_outside and not arrows.has_ticks:
+            # add arrow extension lines
+            start_offset, end_offset = arrow_offset_angles(
+                arrows.arrow1_name, size, radius
+            )
+            self.add_arrow_extension_line(
+                start_angle - end_offset,
+                start_angle - start_offset,
+            )
+            start_offset, end_offset = arrow_offset_angles(
+                arrows.arrow1_name, size, radius
+            )
+            self.add_arrow_extension_line(
+                end_angle + start_offset,
+                end_angle + end_offset,
+            )
+
+    def add_arrow_extension_line(self, start_angle: float, end_angle: float):
+        self.add_arc(
+            self.center_of_arc,
+            self.dim_line_radius,
+            start_angle=start_angle,
+            end_angle=end_angle,
+            dxfattribs=self.dimension_line.dxfattribs(),
+        )
+
+    def add_measurement_text(
+        self, dim_text: str, pos: Vec2, rotation: float
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add measurement text to dimension BLOCK.
+
+        Args:
+            dim_text: dimension text
+            pos: text location
+            rotation: text rotation in degrees
+
+        """
+        attribs = self.measurement.dxfattribs()
+        self.add_text(dim_text, pos=pos, rotation=rotation, dxfattribs=attribs)
+
+
+class _AngularCommonBase(_CurvedDimensionLine):
+    def init_tolerance(
+        self, scale: float, measurement: Measurement
+    ) -> Tolerance:
+        return AngularTolerance(
+            self.dim_style,
+            cap_height=measurement.text_height,
+            width_factor=measurement.text_width_factor,
+            dim_scale=scale,
+            angle_units=measurement.angle_units,
+        )
+
+    def init_measurement(self, color: int, scale: float) -> Measurement:
+        return AngleMeasurement(
+            self.dim_style, self.default_color, self.dim_scale
+        )
+
+    def update_measurement(self) -> None:
+        self.measurement.update(self.arc_angle_span_rad)
+
+
+class AngularDimension(_AngularCommonBase):
+    """
+    Angular dimension line renderer. The dimension line is defined by two lines.
+
+    Supported render types:
+
+    - default location above
+    - default location center
+    - user defined location, text aligned with dimension line
+    - user defined location horizontal text
+
+    Args:
+        dimension: DIMENSION entity
+        ucs: user defined coordinate system
+        override: dimension style override management object
+
+    """
+
+    # Required defpoints:
+    # defpoint = start point of 1st leg (group code 10)
+    # defpoint4 = end point of 1st leg (group code 15)
+    # defpoint3 = start point of 2nd leg (group code 14)
+    # defpoint2 = end point of 2nd leg (group code 13)
+    # defpoint5 = location of dimension line (group code 16)
+
+    # unsupported or ignored features (at least by BricsCAD):
+    # dimtih: text inside horizontal
+    # dimtoh: text outside horizontal
+    # dimjust: text position horizontal
+    # dimdle: dimline extension
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        self.leg1_start = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint")
+        self.leg1_end = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint4")
+        self.leg2_start = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint3")
+        self.leg2_end = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint2")
+        self.dim_line_location = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint5")
+        super().__init__(dimension, ucs, override)
+        # The extension line parameters depending on the location of the
+        # dimension line related to the definition point.
+        # Detect the extension start point.
+        # Which definition point is closer to the dimension line:
+        self.ext1_start = detect_closer_defpoint(
+            direction=self.ext1_dir,
+            base=self.dim_line_location,
+            p1=self.leg1_start,
+            p2=self.leg1_end,
+        )
+        self.ext2_start = detect_closer_defpoint(
+            direction=self.ext2_dir,
+            base=self.dim_line_location,
+            p1=self.leg2_start,
+            p2=self.leg2_end,
+        )
+
+    def get_defpoints(self) -> list[Vec2]:
+        return [
+            self.leg1_start,
+            self.leg1_end,
+            self.leg2_start,
+            self.leg2_end,
+            self.dim_line_location,
+        ]
+
+    def get_center_of_arc(self) -> Vec2:
+        center = intersection_line_line_2d(
+            (self.leg1_start, self.leg1_end),
+            (self.leg2_start, self.leg2_end),
+        )
+        if center is None:
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Invalid colinear or parallel angle legs found in {self.dimension})"
+            )
+            # This case can not be created by the GUI in BricsCAD, but DXF
+            # files can contain any shit!
+            # The interpolation of the end-points is an arbitrary choice and
+            # maybe not the best choice!
+            center = self.leg1_end.lerp(self.leg2_end)
+        return center
+
+    def get_dim_line_radius(self) -> float:
+        return (self.dim_line_location - self.center_of_arc).magnitude
+
+    def get_ext1_dir(self) -> Vec2:
+        center = self.center_of_arc
+        start = (
+            self.leg1_end
+            if self.leg1_start.isclose(center)
+            else self.leg1_start
+        )
+        return (start - center).normalize()
+
+    def get_ext2_dir(self) -> Vec2:
+        center = self.center_of_arc
+        start = (
+            self.leg2_end
+            if self.leg2_start.isclose(center)
+            else self.leg2_start
+        )
+        return (start - center).normalize()
+
+
+class Angular3PDimension(_AngularCommonBase):
+    """
+    Angular dimension line renderer. The dimension line is defined by three
+    points.
+
+    Supported render types:
+
+    - default location above
+    - default location center
+    - user defined location, text aligned with dimension line
+    - user defined location horizontal text
+
+    Args:
+        dimension: DIMENSION entity
+        ucs: user defined coordinate system
+        override: dimension style override management object
+
+    """
+
+    # Required defpoints:
+    # defpoint = location of dimension line (group code 10)
+    # defpoint2 = 1st leg (group code 13)
+    # defpoint3 = 2nd leg (group code 14)
+    # defpoint4 = center of angle (group code 15)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        self.dim_line_location = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint")
+        self.leg1_start = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint2")
+        self.leg2_start = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint3")
+        self.center_of_arc = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint4")
+        super().__init__(dimension, ucs, override)
+        self.ext1_start = self.leg1_start
+        self.ext2_start = self.leg2_start
+
+    def get_defpoints(self) -> list[Vec2]:
+        return [
+            self.dim_line_location,
+            self.leg1_start,
+            self.leg2_start,
+            self.center_of_arc,
+        ]
+
+    def get_center_of_arc(self) -> Vec2:
+        return self.center_of_arc
+
+    def get_dim_line_radius(self) -> float:
+        return (self.dim_line_location - self.center_of_arc).magnitude
+
+    def get_ext1_dir(self) -> Vec2:
+        return (self.leg1_start - self.center_of_arc).normalize()
+
+    def get_ext2_dir(self) -> Vec2:
+        return (self.leg2_start - self.center_of_arc).normalize()
+
+
+class ArcLengthMeasurement(LengthMeasurement):
+    def format_text(self, value: float) -> str:
+        text = format_text(
+            value=value,
+            dimrnd=self.text_round,
+            dimdec=self.decimal_places,
+            dimzin=self.suppress_zeros,
+            dimdsep=self.decimal_separator,
+        )
+        if self.has_arc_length_prefix:
+            text = ARC_PREFIX + text
+        if self.text_post_process_format:
+            text = apply_dimpost(text, self.text_post_process_format)
+        return text
+
+
+class ArcLengthDimension(_CurvedDimensionLine):
+    """Arc length dimension line renderer.
+    Requires DXF R2004.
+
+    Supported render types:
+
+    - default location above
+    - default location center
+    - user defined location, text aligned with dimension line
+    - user defined location horizontal text
+
+    Args:
+        dimension: DXF entity DIMENSION
+        ucs: user defined coordinate system
+        override: dimension style override management object
+
+    """
+
+    # Required defpoints:
+    # defpoint = location of dimension line (group code 10)
+    # defpoint2 = 1st arc point (group code 13)
+    # defpoint3 = 2nd arc point (group code 14)
+    # defpoint4 = center of arc (group code 15)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        self.dim_line_location = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint")
+        self.leg1_start = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint2")
+        self.leg2_start = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint3")
+        self.center_of_arc = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint4")
+        self.arc_radius = (self.leg1_start - self.center_of_arc).magnitude
+        super().__init__(dimension, ucs, override)
+        self.ext1_start = self.leg1_start
+        self.ext2_start = self.leg2_start
+
+    def get_defpoints(self) -> list[Vec2]:
+        return [
+            self.dim_line_location,
+            self.leg1_start,
+            self.leg2_start,
+            self.center_of_arc,
+        ]
+
+    def init_measurement(self, color: int, scale: float) -> Measurement:
+        return ArcLengthMeasurement(
+            self.dim_style, self.default_color, self.dim_scale
+        )
+
+    def get_center_of_arc(self) -> Vec2:
+        return self.center_of_arc
+
+    def get_dim_line_radius(self) -> float:
+        return (self.dim_line_location - self.center_of_arc).magnitude
+
+    def get_ext1_dir(self) -> Vec2:
+        return (self.leg1_start - self.center_of_arc).normalize()
+
+    def get_ext2_dir(self) -> Vec2:
+        return (self.leg2_start - self.center_of_arc).normalize()
+
+    def update_measurement(self) -> None:
+        angle = arc_angle_span_rad(self.start_angle_rad, self.end_angle_rad)
+        arc_length = angle * self.arc_radius
+        self.measurement.update(arc_length)
+
+
+def detect_closer_defpoint(
+    direction: Vec2, base: Vec2, p1: Vec2, p2: Vec2
+) -> Vec2:
+    # Calculate the projected distance onto the (normalized) direction vector:
+    d0 = direction.dot(base)
+    d1 = direction.dot(p1)
+    d2 = direction.dot(p2)
+    # Which defpoint is closer to the base point (d0)?
+    if abs(d1 - d0) <= abs(d2 - d0):
+        return p1
+    return p2
+
+
+def arrow_offset_angles(
+    arrow_name: str, size: float, radius: float
+) -> tuple[float, float]:
+    start_offset: float = 0.0
+    end_offset: float = size / radius
+    length = arrow_length(arrow_name, size)
+    if length > 0.0:
+        start_offset = length / radius
+        end_offset *= 2.0
+    return start_offset, end_offset

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/dim_diameter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+from ezdxf.math import Vec2, UCS
+from ezdxf.entities.dimstyleoverride import DimStyleOverride
+
+from .dim_radius import (
+    RadiusDimension,
+    add_center_mark,
+    Measurement,
+    RadiusMeasurement,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.entities import Dimension
+
+PREFIX = "Ø"
+
+
+class DiameterDimension(RadiusDimension):
+    """
+    Diameter dimension line renderer.
+
+    Supported render types:
+    - default location inside, text aligned with diameter dimension line
+    - default location inside horizontal text
+    - default location outside, text aligned with diameter dimension line
+    - default location outside horizontal text
+    - user defined location, text aligned with diameter dimension line
+    - user defined location horizontal text
+
+    Args:
+        dimension: DXF entity DIMENSION
+        ucs: user defined coordinate system
+        override: dimension style override management object
+
+    """
+
+    def init_measurement(self, color: int, scale: float) -> Measurement:
+        return RadiusMeasurement(self.dim_style, color, scale, PREFIX)
+
+    def _center(self):
+        return Vec2(self.dimension.dxf.defpoint).lerp(
+            self.dimension.dxf.defpoint4
+        )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        # Diameter dimension has the same styles for inside text as radius dimension, except for the
+        # measurement text
+        super().__init__(dimension, ucs, override)
+        self.point_on_circle2 = Vec2(self.dimension.dxf.defpoint)
+
+    def add_text(
+        self, text: str, pos: Vec2, rotation: float, dxfattribs
+    ) -> None:
+        # escape diameter sign
+        super().add_text(text.replace(PREFIX, "%%c"), pos, rotation, dxfattribs)
+
+    def get_default_text_location(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Returns default text midpoint based on `text_valign` and
+        `text_outside`.
+        """
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if measurement.text_is_outside and measurement.text_outside_horizontal:
+            return super().get_default_text_location()
+
+        text_direction = Vec2.from_deg_angle(measurement.text_rotation)
+        vertical_direction = text_direction.orthogonal(ccw=True)
+        vertical_distance = measurement.text_vertical_distance()
+        if measurement.text_is_inside:
+            text_midpoint = self.center
+        else:
+            hdist = (
+                self._total_text_width / 2.0
+                + self.arrows.arrow_size
+                + measurement.text_gap
+            )
+            text_midpoint = self.point_on_circle + (self.dim_line_vec * hdist)
+        return text_midpoint + (vertical_direction * vertical_distance)
+
+    def _add_arrow_1(self, rotate=False):
+        if not self.arrows.suppress1:
+            return self.add_arrow(self.point_on_circle, rotate=rotate)
+        else:
+            return self.point_on_circle
+
+    def _add_arrow_2(self, rotate=True):
+        if not self.arrows.suppress2:
+            return self.add_arrow(self.point_on_circle2, rotate=rotate)
+        else:
+            return self.point_on_circle2
+
+    def render_default_location(self) -> None:
+        """Create dimension geometry at the default dimension line locations."""
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if measurement.text_is_outside:
+            connection_point1 = self._add_arrow_1(rotate=True)
+            if self.outside_text_force_dimline:
+                self.add_diameter_dim_line(
+                    connection_point1, self._add_arrow_2()
+                )
+            else:
+                add_center_mark(self)
+            if measurement.text_outside_horizontal:
+                self.add_horiz_ext_line_default(connection_point1)
+            else:
+                self.add_radial_ext_line_default(connection_point1)
+        else:
+            connection_point1 = self._add_arrow_1(rotate=False)
+            if measurement.text_movement_rule == 1:
+                # move text, add leader -> dimline from text to point on circle
+                self.add_radial_dim_line_from_text(
+                    self.center, connection_point1
+                )
+                add_center_mark(self)
+            else:
+                # dimline from center to point on circle
+                self.add_diameter_dim_line(
+                    connection_point1, self._add_arrow_2()
+                )
+
+    def render_user_location(self) -> None:
+        """Create dimension geometry at user defined dimension locations."""
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        preserve_outside = measurement.text_is_outside
+        leader = measurement.text_movement_rule != 2
+        if not leader:
+            # render dimension line like text inside
+            measurement.text_is_outside = False
+        # add arrow symbol (block references)
+        connection_point1 = self._add_arrow_1(
+            rotate=measurement.text_is_outside
+        )
+
+        if measurement.text_is_outside:
+            if self.outside_text_force_dimline:
+                self.add_radial_dim_line(self.point_on_circle)
+            else:
+                add_center_mark(self)
+            if measurement.text_outside_horizontal:
+                self.add_horiz_ext_line_user(connection_point1)
+            else:
+                self.add_radial_ext_line_user(connection_point1)
+        else:
+            if measurement.text_inside_horizontal:
+                self.add_horiz_ext_line_user(connection_point1)
+            else:
+                if measurement.text_movement_rule == 2:  # move text, no leader!
+                    # dimline across the circle
+                    connection_point2 = self._add_arrow_2(rotate=True)
+                    self.add_line(
+                        connection_point1,
+                        connection_point2,
+                        dxfattribs=self.dimension_line.dxfattribs(),
+                        remove_hidden_lines=True,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    # move text, add leader -> dimline from text to point on circle
+                    self.add_radial_dim_line_from_text(
+                        measurement.user_location, connection_point1
+                    )
+                    add_center_mark(self)
+
+        measurement.text_is_outside = preserve_outside
+
+    def add_diameter_dim_line(self, start: Vec2, end: Vec2) -> None:
+        """Add diameter dimension line."""
+        attribs = self.dimension_line.dxfattribs()
+        self.add_line(start, end, dxfattribs=attribs, remove_hidden_lines=True)

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/dim_linear.py

@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, cast, Optional
+import math
+from ezdxf.math import Vec3, Vec2, UVec, ConstructionRay, UCS
+from ezdxf.render.arrows import ARROWS, connection_point
+from ezdxf.entities.dimstyleoverride import DimStyleOverride
+
+from .dim_base import (
+    BaseDimensionRenderer,
+    LengthMeasurement,
+    Measurement,
+    compile_mtext,
+    order_leader_points,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.entities import Dimension
+    from ezdxf.eztypes import GenericLayoutType
+
+
+class LinearDimension(BaseDimensionRenderer):
+    """Linear dimension line renderer, used for horizontal, vertical, rotated
+    and aligned DIMENSION entities.
+
+    Args:
+        dimension: DXF entity DIMENSION
+        ucs: user defined coordinate system
+        override: dimension style override management object
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(dimension, ucs, override)
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if measurement.text_movement_rule == 0:
+            # moves the dimension line with dimension text, this makes no sense
+            # for ezdxf (just set `base` argument)
+            measurement.text_movement_rule = 2
+
+        self.oblique_angle: float = self.dimension.get_dxf_attrib(
+            "oblique_angle", 90
+        )
+        self.dim_line_angle: float = self.dimension.get_dxf_attrib("angle", 0)
+        self.dim_line_angle_rad: float = math.radians(self.dim_line_angle)
+        self.ext_line_angle: float = self.dim_line_angle + self.oblique_angle
+        self.ext_line_angle_rad: float = math.radians(self.ext_line_angle)
+
+        # text is aligned to dimension line
+        measurement.text_rotation = self.dim_line_angle
+        # text above extension line, is always aligned with extension lines
+        if measurement.text_halign in (3, 4):
+            measurement.text_rotation = self.ext_line_angle
+
+        self.ext1_line_start = Vec2(self.dimension.dxf.defpoint2)
+        self.ext2_line_start = Vec2(self.dimension.dxf.defpoint3)
+
+        ext1_ray = ConstructionRay(
+            self.ext1_line_start, angle=self.ext_line_angle_rad
+        )
+        ext2_ray = ConstructionRay(
+            self.ext2_line_start, angle=self.ext_line_angle_rad
+        )
+        dim_line_ray = ConstructionRay(
+            self.dimension.dxf.defpoint, angle=self.dim_line_angle_rad
+        )
+
+        self.dim_line_start: Vec2 = dim_line_ray.intersect(ext1_ray)
+        self.dim_line_end: Vec2 = dim_line_ray.intersect(ext2_ray)
+        self.dim_line_center: Vec2 = self.dim_line_start.lerp(self.dim_line_end)
+
+        if self.dim_line_start == self.dim_line_end:
+            self.dim_line_vec = Vec2.from_angle(self.dim_line_angle_rad)
+        else:
+            self.dim_line_vec = (
+                self.dim_line_end - self.dim_line_start
+            ).normalize()
+
+        # set dimension defpoint to expected location - 3D vertex required!
+        self.dimension.dxf.defpoint = Vec3(self.dim_line_start)
+
+        raw_measurement = (self.dim_line_end - self.dim_line_start).magnitude
+        measurement.update(raw_measurement)
+
+        # only for linear dimension in multi point mode
+        self.multi_point_mode = self.dim_style.pop("multi_point_mode", False)
+
+        # 1 .. move wide text up
+        # 2 .. move wide text down
+        # None .. ignore
+        self.move_wide_text: Optional[bool] = self.dim_style.pop(
+            "move_wide_text", None
+        )
+
+        # actual text width in drawing units
+        self._total_text_width: float = 0
+
+        # arrows
+        self.required_arrows_space: float = (
+            2 * self.arrows.arrow_size + measurement.text_gap
+        )
+        self.arrows_outside: bool = self.required_arrows_space > raw_measurement
+
+        # text location and rotation
+        if measurement.text:
+            # text width and required space
+            self._total_text_width = self.total_text_width()
+            if self.tol.has_limits:
+                # limits show the upper and lower limit of the measurement as
+                # stacked values and with the size of tolerances
+                self.tol.update_limits(self.measurement.value)
+
+            if self.multi_point_mode:
+                # ezdxf has total control about vertical text position in multi
+                # point mode
+                measurement.text_vertical_position = 0.0
+
+            if (
+                measurement.text_valign == 0
+                and abs(measurement.text_vertical_position) < 0.7
+            ):
+                # vertical centered text needs also space for arrows
+                required_space = (
+                    self._total_text_width + 2 * self.arrows.arrow_size
+                )
+            else:
+                required_space = self._total_text_width
+            measurement.is_wide_text = required_space > raw_measurement
+
+            if not measurement.force_text_inside:
+                # place text outside if wide text and not forced inside
+                measurement.text_is_outside = measurement.is_wide_text
+            elif measurement.is_wide_text and measurement.text_halign < 3:
+                # center wide text horizontal
+                measurement.text_halign = 0
+
+            # use relative text shift to move wide text up or down in multi
+            # point mode
+            if (
+                self.multi_point_mode
+                and measurement.is_wide_text
+                and self.move_wide_text
+            ):
+                shift_value = measurement.text_height + measurement.text_gap
+                if self.move_wide_text == 1:  # move text up
+                    measurement.text_shift_v = shift_value
+                    if (
+                        measurement.vertical_placement == -1
+                    ):  # text below dimension line
+                        # shift again
+                        measurement.text_shift_v += shift_value
+                elif self.move_wide_text == 2:  # move text down
+                    measurement.text_shift_v = -shift_value
+                    if (
+                        measurement.vertical_placement == 1
+                    ):  # text above dimension line
+                        # shift again
+                        measurement.text_shift_v -= shift_value
+
+            # get final text location - no altering after this line
+            measurement.text_location = self.get_text_location()
+
+            # text rotation override
+            rotation: float = measurement.text_rotation
+            if measurement.user_text_rotation is not None:
+                rotation = measurement.user_text_rotation
+            elif (
+                measurement.text_is_outside
+                and measurement.text_outside_horizontal
+            ):
+                rotation = 0.0
+            elif (
+                measurement.text_is_inside
+                and measurement.text_inside_horizontal
+            ):
+                rotation = 0.0
+            measurement.text_rotation = rotation
+
+            text_box = self.init_text_box()
+            self.geometry.set_text_box(text_box)
+            if measurement.has_leader:
+                p1, p2, *_ = text_box.corners
+                self.leader1, self.leader2 = order_leader_points(
+                    self.dim_line_center, p1, p2
+                )
+                # not exact what BricsCAD (AutoCAD) expect, but close enough
+                self.dimension.dxf.text_midpoint = self.leader1
+            else:
+                # write final text location into DIMENSION entity
+                self.dimension.dxf.text_midpoint = measurement.text_location
+
+    def init_measurement(self, color: int, scale: float) -> Measurement:
+        return LengthMeasurement(
+            self.dim_style, self.default_color, self.dim_scale
+        )
+
+    def render(self, block: GenericLayoutType) -> None:
+        """Main method to create dimension geometry of basic DXF entities in the
+        associated BLOCK layout.
+
+        Args:
+            block: target BLOCK for rendering
+
+        """
+        # call required to setup some requirements
+        super().render(block)
+
+        # add extension line 1
+        ext_lines = self.extension_lines
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if not ext_lines.suppress1:
+            above_ext_line1 = measurement.text_halign == 3
+            start, end = self.extension_line_points(
+                self.ext1_line_start, self.dim_line_start, above_ext_line1
+            )
+            self.add_line(start, end, dxfattribs=ext_lines.dxfattribs(1))
+
+        # add extension line 2
+        if not ext_lines.suppress2:
+            above_ext_line2 = measurement.text_halign == 4
+            start, end = self.extension_line_points(
+                self.ext2_line_start, self.dim_line_end, above_ext_line2
+            )
+            self.add_line(start, end, dxfattribs=ext_lines.dxfattribs(2))
+
+        # add arrow symbols (block references), also adjust dimension line start
+        # and end point
+        dim_line_start, dim_line_end = self.add_arrows()
+
+        # add dimension line
+        self.add_dimension_line(dim_line_start, dim_line_end)
+
+        # add measurement text as last entity to see text fill properly
+        if measurement.text:
+            if self.geometry.supports_dxf_r2000:
+                text = compile_mtext(measurement, self.tol)
+            else:
+                text = measurement.text
+            self.add_measurement_text(
+                text, measurement.text_location, measurement.text_rotation
+            )
+            if measurement.has_leader:
+                self.add_leader(
+                    self.dim_line_center, self.leader1, self.leader2
+                )
+
+        # add POINT entities at definition points
+        self.geometry.add_defpoints(
+            [self.dim_line_start, self.ext1_line_start, self.ext2_line_start]
+        )
+
+    def get_text_location(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Get text midpoint in UCS from user defined location or default text
+        location.
+
+        """
+        # apply relative text shift as user location override without leader
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if measurement.has_relative_text_movement:
+            location = self.default_text_location()
+            location = measurement.apply_text_shift(
+                location, measurement.text_rotation
+            )
+            self.location_override(location)
+
+        if measurement.user_location is not None:
+            location = measurement.user_location
+            if measurement.relative_user_location:
+                location = self.dim_line_center + location
+            # define overridden text location as outside
+            measurement.text_is_outside = True
+        else:
+            location = self.default_text_location()
+
+        return location
+
+    def default_text_location(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Calculate default text location in UCS based on `self.text_halign`,
+        `self.text_valign` and `self.text_outside`
+
+        """
+        start = self.dim_line_start
+        end = self.dim_line_end
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        halign = measurement.text_halign
+        # positions the text above and aligned with the first/second extension line
+        ext_lines = self.extension_lines
+        if halign in (3, 4):
+            # horizontal location
+            hdist = measurement.text_gap + measurement.text_height / 2.0
+            hvec = self.dim_line_vec * hdist
+            location = (start if halign == 3 else end) - hvec
+            # vertical location
+            vdist = ext_lines.extension_above + self._total_text_width / 2.0
+            location += Vec2.from_deg_angle(self.ext_line_angle).normalize(
+                vdist
+            )
+        else:
+            # relocate outside text to center location
+            if measurement.text_is_outside:
+                halign = 0
+
+            if halign == 0:
+                location = self.dim_line_center  # center of dimension line
+            else:
+                hdist = (
+                    self._total_text_width / 2.0
+                    + self.arrows.arrow_size
+                    + measurement.text_gap
+                )
+                if (
+                    halign == 1
+                ):  # positions the text next to the first extension line
+                    location = start + (self.dim_line_vec * hdist)
+                else:  # positions the text next to the second extension line
+                    location = end - (self.dim_line_vec * hdist)
+
+            if measurement.text_is_outside:  # move text up
+                vdist = (
+                    ext_lines.extension_above
+                    + measurement.text_gap
+                    + measurement.text_height / 2.0
+                )
+            else:
+                # distance from extension line to text midpoint
+                vdist = measurement.text_vertical_distance()
+            location += self.dim_line_vec.orthogonal().normalize(vdist)
+
+        return location
+
+    def add_arrows(self) -> tuple[Vec2, Vec2]:
+        """
+        Add arrows or ticks to dimension.
+
+        Returns: dimension line connection points
+
+        """
+        arrows = self.arrows
+        attribs = arrows.dxfattribs()
+        start = self.dim_line_start
+        end = self.dim_line_end
+        outside = self.arrows_outside
+        arrow1 = not arrows.suppress1
+        arrow2 = not arrows.suppress2
+
+        if arrows.tick_size > 0.0:  # oblique stroke, but double the size
+            if arrow1:
+                self.add_blockref(
+                    ARROWS.oblique,
+                    insert=start,
+                    rotation=self.dim_line_angle,
+                    scale=arrows.tick_size * 2.0,
+                    dxfattribs=attribs,
+                )
+            if arrow2:
+                self.add_blockref(
+                    ARROWS.oblique,
+                    insert=end,
+                    rotation=self.dim_line_angle,
+                    scale=arrows.tick_size * 2.0,
+                    dxfattribs=attribs,
+                )
+        else:
+            scale = arrows.arrow_size
+            start_angle = self.dim_line_angle + 180.0
+            end_angle = self.dim_line_angle
+            if outside:
+                start_angle, end_angle = end_angle, start_angle
+
+            if arrow1:
+                self.add_blockref(
+                    arrows.arrow1_name,
+                    insert=start,
+                    scale=scale,
+                    rotation=start_angle,
+                    dxfattribs=attribs,
+                )  # reverse
+            if arrow2:
+                self.add_blockref(
+                    arrows.arrow2_name,
+                    insert=end,
+                    scale=scale,
+                    rotation=end_angle,
+                    dxfattribs=attribs,
+                )
+
+            if not outside:
+                # arrows inside extension lines: adjust connection points for
+                # the remaining dimension line
+                if arrow1:
+                    start = connection_point(
+                        arrows.arrow1_name, start, scale, start_angle
+                    )
+                if arrow2:
+                    end = connection_point(
+                        arrows.arrow2_name, end, scale, end_angle
+                    )
+            else:
+                # add additional extension lines to arrows placed outside of
+                # dimension extension lines
+                self.add_arrow_extension_lines()
+        return start, end
+
+    def add_arrow_extension_lines(self):
+        """Add extension lines to arrows placed outside of dimension extension
+        lines. Called by `self.add_arrows()`.
+
+        """
+
+        def has_arrow_extension(name: str) -> bool:
+            return (
+                (name is not None)
+                and (name in ARROWS)
+                and (name not in ARROWS.ORIGIN_ZERO)
+            )
+
+        attribs = self.dimension_line.dxfattribs()
+        arrows = self.arrows
+        start = self.dim_line_start
+        end = self.dim_line_end
+        arrow_size = arrows.arrow_size
+
+        if not arrows.suppress1 and has_arrow_extension(arrows.arrow1_name):
+            self.add_line(
+                start - self.dim_line_vec * arrow_size,
+                start - self.dim_line_vec * (2 * arrow_size),
+                dxfattribs=attribs,
+            )
+
+        if not arrows.suppress2 and has_arrow_extension(arrows.arrow2_name):
+            self.add_line(
+                end + self.dim_line_vec * arrow_size,
+                end + self.dim_line_vec * (2 * arrow_size),
+                dxfattribs=attribs,
+            )
+
+    def add_measurement_text(
+        self, dim_text: str, pos: Vec2, rotation: float
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add measurement text to dimension BLOCK.
+
+        Args:
+            dim_text: dimension text
+            pos: text location
+            rotation: text rotation in degrees
+
+        """
+        self.add_text(dim_text, pos, rotation, dict())
+
+    def add_dimension_line(self, start: Vec2, end: Vec2) -> None:
+        """Add dimension line to dimension BLOCK, adds extension DIMDLE if
+        required, and uses DIMSD1 or DIMSD2 to suppress first or second part of
+        dimension line. Removes line parts hidden by dimension text.
+
+        Args:
+            start: dimension line start
+            end: dimension line end
+
+        """
+        dim_line = self.dimension_line
+        arrows = self.arrows
+        extension = self.dim_line_vec * dim_line.extension
+        ticks = arrows.has_ticks
+        if ticks or ARROWS.has_extension_line(arrows.arrow1_name):
+            start = start - extension
+        if ticks or ARROWS.has_extension_line(arrows.arrow2_name):
+            end = end + extension
+
+        attribs = dim_line.dxfattribs()
+
+        if dim_line.suppress1 or dim_line.suppress2:
+            # TODO: results not as expected, but good enough
+            # center should take into account text location
+            center = start.lerp(end)
+            if not dim_line.suppress1:
+                self.add_line(
+                    start, center, dxfattribs=attribs, remove_hidden_lines=True
+                )
+            if not dim_line.suppress2:
+                self.add_line(
+                    center, end, dxfattribs=attribs, remove_hidden_lines=True
+                )
+        else:
+            self.add_line(
+                start, end, dxfattribs=attribs, remove_hidden_lines=True
+            )
+
+    def extension_line_points(
+        self, start: Vec2, end: Vec2, text_above_extline=False
+    ) -> tuple[Vec2, Vec2]:
+        """Adjust start and end point of extension line by dimension variables
+        DIMEXE, DIMEXO, DIMEXFIX, DIMEXLEN.
+
+        Args:
+            start: start point of extension line (measurement point)
+            end: end point at dimension line
+            text_above_extline: True if text is above and aligned with extension line
+
+        Returns: adjusted start and end point
+
+        """
+        if start == end:
+            direction = Vec2.from_deg_angle(self.ext_line_angle)
+        else:
+            direction = (end - start).normalize()
+        if self.extension_lines.has_fixed_length:
+            start = end - (direction * self.extension_lines.length_below)
+        else:
+            start = start + direction * self.extension_lines.offset
+        extension = self.extension_lines.extension_above
+        if text_above_extline:
+            extension += self._total_text_width
+        end = end + direction * extension
+        return start, end
+
+    def transform_ucs_to_wcs(self) -> None:
+        """Transforms dimension definition points into WCS or if required into
+        OCS.
+
+        Can not be called in __init__(), because inherited classes may be need
+        unmodified values.
+
+        """
+
+        def from_ucs(attr, func):
+            point = self.dimension.get_dxf_attrib(attr)
+            self.dimension.set_dxf_attrib(attr, func(point))
+
+        ucs = self.geometry.ucs
+        from_ucs("defpoint", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("defpoint2", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("defpoint3", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("text_midpoint", ucs.to_ocs)
+        self.dimension.dxf.angle = ucs.to_ocs_angle_deg(
+            self.dimension.dxf.angle
+        )
+
+
+CAN_SUPPRESS_ARROW1 = {
+    ARROWS.dot,
+    ARROWS.dot_small,
+    ARROWS.dot_blank,
+    ARROWS.origin_indicator,
+    ARROWS.origin_indicator_2,
+    ARROWS.dot_smallblank,
+    ARROWS.none,
+    ARROWS.oblique,
+    ARROWS.box_filled,
+    ARROWS.box,
+    ARROWS.integral,
+    ARROWS.architectural_tick,
+}
+
+
+def sort_projected_points(
+    points: Iterable[UVec], angle: float = 0
+) -> list[Vec2]:
+    direction = Vec2.from_deg_angle(angle)
+    projected_vectors = [(direction.project(Vec2(p)), p) for p in points]
+    return [p for projection, p in sorted(projected_vectors)]
+
+
+def multi_point_linear_dimension(
+    layout: GenericLayoutType,
+    base: UVec,
+    points: Iterable[UVec],
+    angle: float = 0,
+    ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+    avoid_double_rendering: bool = True,
+    dimstyle: str = "EZDXF",
+    override: Optional[dict] = None,
+    dxfattribs=None,
+    discard=False,
+) -> None:
+    """Creates multiple DIMENSION entities for each point pair in `points`.
+    Measurement points will be sorted by appearance on the dimension line
+    vector.
+
+    Args:
+        layout: target layout (model space, paper space or block)
+        base: base point, any point on the dimension line vector will do
+        points: iterable of measurement points
+        angle: dimension line rotation in degrees (0=horizontal, 90=vertical)
+        ucs: user defined coordinate system
+        avoid_double_rendering: removes first extension line and arrow of
+            following DIMENSION entity
+        dimstyle: dimension style name
+        override: dictionary of overridden dimension style attributes
+        dxfattribs: DXF attributes for DIMENSION entities
+        discard: discard rendering result for friendly CAD applications like
+            BricsCAD to get a native and likely better rendering result.
+            (does not work with AutoCAD)
+
+    """
+
+    def suppress_arrow1(dimstyle_override) -> bool:
+        arrow_name1, arrow_name2 = dimstyle_override.get_arrow_names()
+        if (arrow_name1 is None) or (arrow_name1 in CAN_SUPPRESS_ARROW1):
+            return True
+        else:
+            return False
+
+    points = sort_projected_points(points, angle)
+    base = Vec2(base)
+    override = override or {}
+    override["dimtix"] = 1  # do not place measurement text outside
+    override["dimtvp"] = 0  # do not place measurement text outside
+    override["multi_point_mode"] = True
+    # 1 .. move wide text up; 2 .. move wide text down; None .. ignore
+    # moving text down, looks best combined with text fill bg: DIMTFILL = 1
+    move_wide_text = 1
+    _suppress_arrow1 = False
+    first_run = True
+
+    for p1, p2 in zip(points[:-1], points[1:]):
+        _override = dict(override)
+        _override["move_wide_text"] = move_wide_text
+        if avoid_double_rendering and not first_run:
+            _override["dimse1"] = 1
+            _override["suppress_arrow1"] = _suppress_arrow1
+
+        style = layout.add_linear_dim(
+            Vec3(base),
+            Vec3(p1),
+            Vec3(p2),
+            angle=angle,
+            dimstyle=dimstyle,
+            override=_override,
+            dxfattribs=dxfattribs,
+        )
+        if first_run:
+            _suppress_arrow1 = suppress_arrow1(style)
+
+        renderer = cast(LinearDimension, style.render(ucs, discard=discard))
+        if renderer.measurement.is_wide_text:
+            # after wide text switch moving direction
+            if move_wide_text == 1:
+                move_wide_text = 2
+            else:
+                move_wide_text = 1
+        else:  # reset to move text up
+            move_wide_text = 1
+        first_run = False

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/dim_ordinate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2021-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+import logging
+import math
+
+from ezdxf.math import Vec2, UCS, NULLVEC
+from ezdxf.lldxf import const
+from ezdxf.entities import DimStyleOverride, Dimension
+from .dim_base import (
+    BaseDimensionRenderer,
+    get_required_defpoint,
+    compile_mtext,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.eztypes import GenericLayoutType
+
+__all__ = ["OrdinateDimension"]
+logger = logging.getLogger("ezdxf")
+
+
+class OrdinateDimension(BaseDimensionRenderer):
+    # Required defpoints:
+    # defpoint = origin (group code 10)
+    # defpoint2 = feature location (group code 13)
+    # defpoint3 = end of leader (group code 14)
+    # user text location is ignored (group code 11) and replaced by default
+    # location calculated by the ezdxf renderer:
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        # The local coordinate system is defined by origin and the
+        # horizontal_direction in OCS:
+        self.origin_ocs: Vec2 = get_required_defpoint(dimension, "defpoint")
+        self.feature_location_ocs: Vec2 = get_required_defpoint(
+            dimension, "defpoint2"
+        )
+        self.end_of_leader_ocs: Vec2 = get_required_defpoint(
+            dimension, "defpoint3"
+        )
+        # Horizontal direction in clockwise orientation, see DXF reference
+        # for group code 51:
+        self.horizontal_dir = -dimension.dxf.get("horizontal_direction", 0.0)
+        self.rotation = math.radians(self.horizontal_dir)
+        self.local_x_axis = Vec2.from_angle(self.rotation)
+        self.local_y_axis = self.local_x_axis.orthogonal()
+        self.x_type = bool(  # x-type is set!
+            dimension.dxf.get("dimtype", 0) & const.DIM_ORDINATE_TYPE
+        )
+        super().__init__(dimension, ucs, override)
+
+        # Measurement directions can be opposite to local x- or y-axis
+        self.leader_vec_ocs = self.end_of_leader_ocs - self.feature_location_ocs
+        leader_x_vec = self.local_x_axis.project(self.leader_vec_ocs)
+        leader_y_vec = self.local_y_axis.project(self.leader_vec_ocs)
+        try:
+            self.measurement_direction: Vec2 = leader_x_vec.normalize()
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            self.measurement_direction = Vec2(1, 0)
+        try:
+            self.measurement_orthogonal: Vec2 = leader_y_vec.normalize()
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            self.measurement_orthogonal = Vec2(0, 1)
+
+        if not self.x_type:
+            self.measurement_direction, self.measurement_orthogonal = (
+                self.measurement_orthogonal,
+                self.measurement_direction,
+            )
+
+        self.update_measurement()
+        if self.tol.has_limits:
+            self.tol.update_limits(self.measurement.value)
+
+        # Text width and -height is required first, text location and -rotation
+        # are not valid yet:
+        self.text_box = self.init_text_box()
+
+        # Set text location and rotation:
+        self.measurement.text_location = self.get_default_text_location()
+        self.measurement.text_rotation = self.get_default_text_rotation()
+
+        # Update text box location and -rotation:
+        self.text_box.center = self.measurement.text_location
+        self.text_box.angle = self.measurement.text_rotation
+        self.geometry.set_text_box(self.text_box)
+
+        # Update final text location in the DIMENSION entity:
+        self.dimension.dxf.text_midpoint = self.measurement.text_location
+
+    def get_default_text_location(self) -> Vec2:
+        if self.x_type:
+            text_vertical_shifting_dir = -self.local_x_axis
+        else:
+            text_vertical_shifting_dir = self.local_y_axis
+
+        # user text location is not supported and ignored:
+        return (
+            self.end_of_leader_ocs
+            + self.measurement_orthogonal * (self.text_box.width * 0.5)
+            + text_vertical_shifting_dir
+            * self.measurement.text_vertical_distance()
+        )
+
+    def get_default_text_rotation(self) -> float:
+        # user text rotation is not supported and ignored:
+        return (90.0 if self.x_type else 0.0) + self.horizontal_dir
+
+    def update_measurement(self) -> None:
+        feature_location_vec: Vec2 = self.feature_location_ocs - self.origin_ocs
+        # ordinate measurement is always absolute:
+        self.measurement.update(
+            self.local_x_axis.project(feature_location_vec).magnitude
+            if self.x_type
+            else self.local_y_axis.project(feature_location_vec).magnitude
+        )
+
+    def get_defpoints(self) -> list[Vec2]:
+        return [
+            self.origin_ocs,
+            self.feature_location_ocs,
+            self.end_of_leader_ocs,
+        ]
+
+    def transform_ucs_to_wcs(self) -> None:
+        """Transforms dimension definition points into WCS or if required into
+        OCS.
+        """
+
+        def from_ucs(attr, func):
+            point = dxf.get(attr, NULLVEC)
+            dxf.set(attr, func(point))
+
+        dxf = self.dimension.dxf
+        ucs = self.geometry.ucs
+        from_ucs("defpoint", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("defpoint2", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("defpoint3", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("text_midpoint", ucs.to_ocs)
+
+        # Horizontal direction in clockwise orientation, see DXF reference
+        # for group code 51:
+        dxf.horizontal_direction = -ucs.to_ocs_angle_deg(self.horizontal_dir)
+
+    def render(self, block: GenericLayoutType) -> None:
+        """Main method to create dimension geometry of basic DXF entities in the
+        associated BLOCK layout.
+
+        Args:
+            block: target BLOCK for rendering
+
+        """
+        super().render(block)
+        self.add_ordinate_leader()
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if measurement.text:
+            if self.geometry.supports_dxf_r2000:
+                text = compile_mtext(measurement, self.tol)
+            else:
+                text = measurement.text
+            self.add_measurement_text(
+                text, measurement.text_location, measurement.text_rotation
+            )
+        self.geometry.add_defpoints(self.get_defpoints())
+
+    def add_ordinate_leader(self) -> None:
+        # DXF attributes from first extension line not from dimension line!
+        attribs = self.extension_lines.dxfattribs(1)
+        # The ordinate leader is normal to the measurement direction.
+        # leader direction and text direction:
+        direction = self.measurement_orthogonal
+        leg_size = self.arrows.arrow_size * 2.0
+        #            /---1---TEXT
+        # x----0----/
+        # d0 = distance from feature location (x) to 1st upward junction
+        d0 = direction.project(self.leader_vec_ocs).magnitude - 2.0 * leg_size
+
+        start0 = (
+            self.feature_location_ocs + direction * self.extension_lines.offset
+        )
+        end0 = self.feature_location_ocs + direction * max(leg_size, d0)
+        start1 = self.end_of_leader_ocs - direction * leg_size
+        end1 = self.end_of_leader_ocs
+        if self.measurement.vertical_placement != 0:
+            end1 += direction * self.text_box.width
+
+        self.add_line(start0, end0, dxfattribs=attribs)
+        self.add_line(end0, start1, dxfattribs=attribs)
+        self.add_line(start1, end1, dxfattribs=attribs)
+
+    def add_measurement_text(
+        self, dim_text: str, pos: Vec2, rotation: float
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add measurement text to dimension BLOCK.
+
+        Args:
+            dim_text: dimension text
+            pos: text location
+            rotation: text rotation in degrees
+
+        """
+        attribs = self.measurement.dxfattribs()
+        self.add_text(dim_text, pos=pos, rotation=rotation, dxfattribs=attribs)

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/dim_radius.py

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+from ezdxf.math import Vec2, UCS, UVec
+from ezdxf.tools import normalize_text_angle
+from ezdxf.render.arrows import ARROWS, connection_point
+from ezdxf.entities.dimstyleoverride import DimStyleOverride
+from ezdxf.lldxf.const import DXFInternalEzdxfError
+from ezdxf.render.dim_base import (
+    BaseDimensionRenderer,
+    Measurement,
+    LengthMeasurement,
+    compile_mtext,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.entities import Dimension
+    from ezdxf.eztypes import GenericLayoutType
+
+
+class RadiusMeasurement(LengthMeasurement):
+    def __init__(
+        self, dim_style: DimStyleOverride, color: int, scale: float, prefix: str
+    ):
+        super().__init__(dim_style, color, scale)
+        self.text_prefix = prefix
+
+    def text_override(self, measurement: float) -> str:
+        text = super().text_override(measurement)
+        if text and text[0] != self.text_prefix:
+            text = self.text_prefix + text
+        return text
+
+
+class RadiusDimension(BaseDimensionRenderer):
+    """
+    Radial dimension line renderer.
+
+    Supported render types:
+    - default location inside, text aligned with radial dimension line
+    - default location inside horizontal text
+    - default location outside, text aligned with radial dimension line
+    - default location outside horizontal text
+    - user defined location, text aligned with radial dimension line
+    - user defined location horizontal text
+
+    Args:
+        dimension: DXF entity DIMENSION
+        ucs: user defined coordinate system
+        override: dimension style override management object
+
+    """
+
+    # Super class of DiameterDimension
+    def _center(self):
+        return Vec2(self.dimension.dxf.defpoint)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(dimension, ucs, override)
+        dimtype = self.dimension.dimtype
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if dimtype == 3:
+            self.is_diameter_dim = True
+        elif dimtype == 4:
+            self.is_radius_dim = True
+        else:
+            raise DXFInternalEzdxfError(f"Invalid dimension type {dimtype}")
+
+        self.center: Vec2 = self._center()  # override in diameter dimension
+        self.point_on_circle: Vec2 = Vec2(self.dimension.dxf.defpoint4)
+        # modify parameters for special scenarios
+        if measurement.user_location is None:
+            if (
+                measurement.text_is_inside
+                and measurement.text_inside_horizontal
+                and measurement.text_movement_rule == 1
+            ):  # move text, add leader
+                # use algorithm for user define dimension line location
+                measurement.user_location = self.center.lerp(
+                    self.point_on_circle
+                )
+                measurement.text_valign = 0  # text vertical centered
+
+        direction = self.point_on_circle - self.center
+        self.dim_line_vec = direction.normalize()
+        self.dim_line_angle = self.dim_line_vec.angle_deg
+        self.radius = direction.magnitude
+        # get_measurement() works for radius and diameter dimension
+        measurement.update(self.dimension.get_measurement())
+        self.outside_default_distance = self.radius + 2 * self.arrows.arrow_size
+        self.outside_default_defpoint = self.center + (
+            self.dim_line_vec * self.outside_default_distance
+        )
+        self.outside_text_force_dimline = bool(self.dim_style.get("dimtofl", 1))
+        # final dimension text (without limits or tolerance)
+
+        # default location is outside, if not forced to be inside
+        measurement.text_is_outside = not measurement.force_text_inside
+        # text_outside: user defined location, overrides default location
+        if measurement.user_location is not None:
+            measurement.text_is_outside = self.is_location_outside(
+                measurement.user_location
+            )
+
+        self._total_text_width: float = 0.0
+        if measurement.text:
+            # text width and required space
+            self._total_text_width = self.total_text_width()
+            if self.tol.has_limits:
+                # limits show the upper and lower limit of the measurement as
+                # stacked values and with the size of tolerances
+                self.tol.update_limits(measurement.value)
+
+        # default rotation is angle of dimension line, from center to point on circle.
+        rotation = self.dim_line_angle
+        if measurement.text_is_outside and measurement.text_outside_horizontal:
+            rotation = 0.0
+        elif measurement.text_is_inside and measurement.text_inside_horizontal:
+            rotation = 0.0
+
+        # final absolute text rotation (x-axis=0)
+        measurement.text_rotation = normalize_text_angle(
+            rotation, fix_upside_down=True
+        )
+
+        # final text location
+        measurement.text_location = self.get_text_location()
+        self.geometry.set_text_box(self.init_text_box())
+        # write final text location into DIMENSION entity
+        if measurement.user_location:
+            self.dimension.dxf.text_midpoint = measurement.user_location
+        # default locations
+        elif (
+            measurement.text_is_outside and measurement.text_outside_horizontal
+        ):
+            self.dimension.dxf.text_midpoint = self.outside_default_defpoint
+        else:
+            self.dimension.dxf.text_midpoint = measurement.text_location
+
+    def init_measurement(self, color: int, scale: float) -> Measurement:
+        return RadiusMeasurement(self.dim_style, color, scale, "R")
+
+    def get_text_location(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Returns text midpoint from user defined location or default text
+        location.
+        """
+        if self.measurement.user_location is not None:
+            return self.get_user_defined_text_location()
+        else:
+            return self.get_default_text_location()
+
+    def get_default_text_location(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Returns default text midpoint based on `text_valign` and
+        `text_outside`
+        """
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if measurement.text_is_outside and measurement.text_outside_horizontal:
+            hdist = self._total_text_width / 2.0
+            if (
+                measurement.vertical_placement == 0
+            ):  # shift text horizontal if vertical centered
+                hdist += self.arrows.arrow_size
+            angle = self.dim_line_angle % 360.0  # normalize 0 .. 360
+            if 90.0 < angle <= 270.0:
+                hdist = -hdist
+            return self.outside_default_defpoint + Vec2(
+                (hdist, measurement.text_vertical_distance())
+            )
+
+        text_direction = Vec2.from_deg_angle(measurement.text_rotation)
+        vertical_direction = text_direction.orthogonal(ccw=True)
+        vertical_distance = measurement.text_vertical_distance()
+        if measurement.text_is_inside:
+            hdist = (self.radius - self.arrows.arrow_size) / 2.0
+            text_midpoint = self.center + (self.dim_line_vec * hdist)
+        else:
+            hdist = (
+                self._total_text_width / 2.0
+                + self.arrows.arrow_size
+                + measurement.text_gap
+            )
+            text_midpoint = self.point_on_circle + (self.dim_line_vec * hdist)
+        return text_midpoint + (vertical_direction * vertical_distance)
+
+    def get_user_defined_text_location(self) -> Vec2:
+        """Returns text midpoint for user defined dimension location."""
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        assert isinstance(measurement.user_location, Vec2)
+        text_outside_horiz = (
+            measurement.text_is_outside and measurement.text_outside_horizontal
+        )
+        text_inside_horiz = (
+            measurement.text_is_inside and measurement.text_inside_horizontal
+        )
+        if text_outside_horiz or text_inside_horiz:
+            hdist = self._total_text_width / 2.0
+            if (
+                measurement.vertical_placement == 0
+            ):  # shift text horizontal if vertical centered
+                hdist += self.arrows.arrow_size
+            if measurement.user_location.x <= self.point_on_circle.x:
+                hdist = -hdist
+            vdist = measurement.text_vertical_distance()
+            return measurement.user_location + Vec2((hdist, vdist))
+        else:
+            text_normal_vec = Vec2.from_deg_angle(
+                measurement.text_rotation
+            ).orthogonal()
+            return (
+                measurement.user_location
+                + text_normal_vec * measurement.text_vertical_distance()
+            )
+
+    def is_location_outside(self, location: Vec2) -> bool:
+        radius = (location - self.center).magnitude
+        return radius > self.radius
+
+    def render(self, block: GenericLayoutType) -> None:
+        """Create dimension geometry of basic DXF entities in the associated
+        BLOCK layout.
+        """
+        # call required to setup some requirements
+        super().render(block)
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if not self.dimension_line.suppress1:
+            if measurement.user_location is not None:
+                self.render_user_location()
+            else:
+                self.render_default_location()
+
+        # add measurement text as last entity to see text fill properly
+        if measurement.text:
+            if self.geometry.supports_dxf_r2000:
+                text = compile_mtext(self.measurement, self.tol)
+            else:
+                text = measurement.text
+            self.add_measurement_text(
+                text, measurement.text_location, measurement.text_rotation
+            )
+
+        # add POINT entities at definition points
+        self.geometry.add_defpoints([self.center, self.point_on_circle])
+
+    def render_default_location(self) -> None:
+        """Create dimension geometry at the default dimension line locations."""
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        if not self.arrows.suppress1:
+            arrow_connection_point = self.add_arrow(
+                self.point_on_circle, rotate=measurement.text_is_outside
+            )
+        else:
+            arrow_connection_point = self.point_on_circle
+
+        if measurement.text_is_outside:
+            if self.outside_text_force_dimline:
+                self.add_radial_dim_line(self.point_on_circle)
+            else:
+                add_center_mark(self)
+            if measurement.text_outside_horizontal:
+                self.add_horiz_ext_line_default(arrow_connection_point)
+            else:
+                self.add_radial_ext_line_default(arrow_connection_point)
+        else:
+            if measurement.text_movement_rule == 1:
+                # move text, add leader -> dimline from text to point on circle
+                self.add_radial_dim_line_from_text(
+                    self.center.lerp(self.point_on_circle),
+                    arrow_connection_point,
+                )
+                add_center_mark(self)
+            else:
+                # dimline from center to point on circle
+                self.add_radial_dim_line(arrow_connection_point)
+
+    def render_user_location(self) -> None:
+        """Create dimension geometry at user defined dimension locations."""
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        preserve_outside = measurement.text_is_outside
+        leader = measurement.text_movement_rule != 2
+        if not leader:
+            measurement.text_is_outside = (
+                False  # render dimension line like text inside
+            )
+        # add arrow symbol (block references)
+        if not self.arrows.suppress1:
+            arrow_connection_point = self.add_arrow(
+                self.point_on_circle, rotate=measurement.text_is_outside
+            )
+        else:
+            arrow_connection_point = self.point_on_circle
+        if measurement.text_is_outside:
+            if self.outside_text_force_dimline:
+                self.add_radial_dim_line(self.point_on_circle)
+            else:
+                add_center_mark(self)
+            if measurement.text_outside_horizontal:
+                self.add_horiz_ext_line_user(arrow_connection_point)
+            else:
+                self.add_radial_ext_line_user(arrow_connection_point)
+        else:
+            if measurement.text_inside_horizontal:
+                self.add_horiz_ext_line_user(arrow_connection_point)
+            else:
+                if measurement.text_movement_rule == 2:  # move text, no leader!
+                    # dimline from center to point on circle
+                    self.add_radial_dim_line(arrow_connection_point)
+                else:
+                    # move text, add leader -> dimline from text to point on circle
+                    self.add_radial_dim_line_from_text(
+                        measurement.user_location, arrow_connection_point
+                    )
+                    add_center_mark(self)
+
+        measurement.text_is_outside = preserve_outside
+
+    def add_arrow(self, location, rotate: bool) -> Vec2:
+        """Add arrow or tick to dimension line, returns dimension line connection point."""
+        arrows = self.arrows
+        attribs = arrows.dxfattribs()
+
+        arrow_name = arrows.arrow1_name
+        if arrows.tick_size > 0.0:  # oblique stroke, but double the size
+            self.add_blockref(
+                ARROWS.oblique,
+                insert=location,
+                rotation=self.dim_line_angle,
+                scale=arrows.tick_size * 2.0,
+                dxfattribs=attribs,
+            )
+        else:
+            scale = arrows.arrow_size
+            angle = self.dim_line_angle
+            if rotate:
+                angle += 180.0
+
+            self.add_blockref(
+                arrow_name,
+                insert=location,
+                scale=scale,
+                rotation=angle,
+                dxfattribs=attribs,
+            )
+            location = connection_point(arrow_name, location, scale, angle)
+        return location
+
+    def add_radial_dim_line(self, end: UVec) -> None:
+        """Add radial dimension line."""
+        attribs = self.dimension_line.dxfattribs()
+        self.add_line(
+            self.center, end, dxfattribs=attribs, remove_hidden_lines=True
+        )
+
+    def add_radial_dim_line_from_text(self, start, end: UVec) -> None:
+        """Add radial dimension line, starting point at the measurement text."""
+        attribs = self.dimension_line.dxfattribs()
+        hshift = self._total_text_width / 2
+        if self.measurement.vertical_placement != 0:  # not center
+            hshift = -hshift
+        self.add_line(
+            start + self.dim_line_vec * hshift,
+            end,
+            dxfattribs=attribs,
+            remove_hidden_lines=False,
+        )
+
+    def add_horiz_ext_line_default(self, start: UVec) -> None:
+        """Add horizontal outside extension line from start for default
+        locations.
+        """
+        attribs = self.dimension_line.dxfattribs()
+        self.add_line(start, self.outside_default_defpoint, dxfattribs=attribs)
+        if self.measurement.vertical_placement == 0:
+            hdist = self.arrows.arrow_size
+        else:
+            hdist = self._total_text_width
+        angle = self.dim_line_angle % 360.0  # normalize 0 .. 360
+        if 90 < angle <= 270:
+            hdist = -hdist
+        end = self.outside_default_defpoint + Vec2((hdist, 0))
+        self.add_line(self.outside_default_defpoint, end, dxfattribs=attribs)
+
+    def add_horiz_ext_line_user(self, start: UVec) -> None:
+        """Add horizontal extension line from start for user defined locations."""
+        measurement = self.measurement
+        assert isinstance(measurement.user_location, Vec2)
+        attribs = self.dimension_line.dxfattribs()
+        self.add_line(start, measurement.user_location, dxfattribs=attribs)
+        if measurement.vertical_placement == 0:
+            hdist = self.arrows.arrow_size
+        else:
+            hdist = self._total_text_width
+        if measurement.user_location.x <= self.point_on_circle.x:
+            hdist = -hdist
+        end = measurement.user_location + Vec2((hdist, 0))
+        self.add_line(measurement.user_location, end, dxfattribs=attribs)
+
+    def add_radial_ext_line_default(self, start: UVec) -> None:
+        """Add radial outside extension line from start for default locations."""
+        attribs = self.dimension_line.dxfattribs()
+        length = self.measurement.text_gap + self._total_text_width
+        end = start + self.dim_line_vec * length
+        self.add_line(start, end, dxfattribs=attribs, remove_hidden_lines=True)
+
+    def add_radial_ext_line_user(self, start: UVec) -> None:
+        """Add radial outside extension line from start for user defined location."""
+        attribs = self.dimension_line.dxfattribs()
+        length = self._total_text_width / 2.0
+        if self.measurement.vertical_placement == 0:
+            length = -length
+        end = self.measurement.user_location + self.dim_line_vec * length
+        self.add_line(start, end, dxfattribs=attribs)
+
+    def add_measurement_text(
+        self, dim_text: str, pos: Vec2, rotation: float
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add measurement text to dimension BLOCK."""
+        attribs = self.measurement.dxfattribs()
+        self.add_text(dim_text, pos=pos, rotation=rotation, dxfattribs=attribs)
+
+    def transform_ucs_to_wcs(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Transforms dimension definition points into WCS or if required into OCS.
+
+        Can not be called in __init__(), because inherited classes may be need unmodified values.
+
+        """
+
+        def from_ucs(attr, func):
+            point = self.dimension.get_dxf_attrib(attr)
+            self.dimension.set_dxf_attrib(attr, func(point))
+
+        ucs = self.geometry.ucs
+        from_ucs("defpoint", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("defpoint4", ucs.to_wcs)
+        from_ucs("text_midpoint", ucs.to_ocs)
+
+
+def add_center_mark(dim: RadiusDimension) -> None:
+    """Add center mark/lines to radius and diameter dimensions.
+
+    Args:
+        dim: RadiusDimension or DiameterDimension renderer
+    """
+    dim_type = dim.dimension.dimtype
+    if dim_type == 4:  # Radius Dimension
+        radius = dim.measurement.raw_value
+    elif dim_type == 3:  # Diameter Dimension
+        radius = dim.measurement.raw_value / 2.0
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f"Invalid dimension type: {dim_type}")
+
+    mark_size = dim.dim_style.get("dimcen", 0)
+    if mark_size == 0:
+        return
+
+    center_lines = False
+    if mark_size < 0:
+        mark_size = abs(mark_size)
+        center_lines = True
+    center = Vec2(dim.center)
+
+    # draw center mark
+    mark_x_vec = Vec2((mark_size, 0))
+    mark_y_vec = Vec2((0, mark_size))
+    # use only  color and ignore linetype!
+    dxfattribs = {"color": dim.dimension_line.color}
+    dim.add_line(center - mark_x_vec, center + mark_x_vec, dxfattribs)
+    dim.add_line(center - mark_y_vec, center + mark_y_vec, dxfattribs)
+
+    if center_lines:
+        size = mark_size + radius
+        if size < 2 * mark_size:
+            return  # not enough space for center lines
+        start_x_vec = mark_x_vec * 2
+        start_y_vec = mark_y_vec * 2
+        end_x_vec = Vec2((size, 0))
+        end_y_vec = Vec2((0, size))
+        dim.add_line(center + start_x_vec, center + end_x_vec, dxfattribs)
+        dim.add_line(center - start_x_vec, center - end_x_vec, dxfattribs)
+        dim.add_line(center + start_y_vec, center + end_y_vec, dxfattribs)
+        dim.add_line(center - start_y_vec, center - end_y_vec, dxfattribs)

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/dimension.py

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+from ezdxf.math import UCS
+from ezdxf.lldxf.const import DXFValueError
+from ezdxf.entities.dimstyleoverride import DimStyleOverride
+
+from .dim_base import BaseDimensionRenderer
+from .dim_curved import AngularDimension, Angular3PDimension, ArcLengthDimension
+from .dim_diameter import DiameterDimension
+from .dim_linear import LinearDimension
+from .dim_ordinate import OrdinateDimension
+from .dim_radius import RadiusDimension
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.entities import Dimension
+
+
+class DimensionRenderer:
+    def dispatch(
+        self, override: DimStyleOverride, ucs: Optional[UCS] = None
+    ) -> BaseDimensionRenderer:
+        dimension = override.dimension
+        dim_type = dimension.dimtype
+        dxf_type = dimension.dxftype()
+        if dxf_type == "ARC_DIMENSION":
+            return self.arc_length(dimension, ucs, override)
+        elif dxf_type == "LARGE_RADIAL_DIMENSION":
+            return self.large_radial(dimension, ucs, override)
+        elif dim_type in (0, 1):
+            return self.linear(dimension, ucs, override)
+        elif dim_type == 2:
+            return self.angular(dimension, ucs, override)
+        elif dim_type == 3:
+            return self.diameter(dimension, ucs, override)
+        elif dim_type == 4:
+            return self.radius(dimension, ucs, override)
+        elif dim_type == 5:
+            return self.angular3p(dimension, ucs, override)
+        elif dim_type == 6:
+            return self.ordinate(dimension, ucs, override)
+        else:
+            raise DXFValueError(f"Unknown DIMENSION type: {dim_type}")
+
+    def linear(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        """Call renderer for linear dimension lines: horizontal, vertical and rotated"""
+        return LinearDimension(dimension, ucs, override)
+
+    def angular(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        """Call renderer for angular dimension defined by two lines."""
+        return AngularDimension(dimension, ucs, override)
+
+    def diameter(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        """Call renderer for diameter dimension"""
+        return DiameterDimension(dimension, ucs, override)
+
+    def radius(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        """Call renderer for radius dimension"""
+        return RadiusDimension(dimension, ucs, override)
+
+    def large_radial(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        """Call renderer for large radial dimension"""
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def angular3p(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        """Call renderer for angular dimension defined by three points."""
+        return Angular3PDimension(dimension, ucs, override)
+
+    def ordinate(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        """Call renderer for ordinate dimension."""
+        return OrdinateDimension(dimension, ucs, override)
+
+    def arc_length(
+        self,
+        dimension: Dimension,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        override: Optional[DimStyleOverride] = None,
+    ):
+        """Call renderer for arc length dimension."""
+        return ArcLengthDimension(dimension, ucs, override)

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/hatching.py

@@ -0,0 +1,700 @@
+#  Copyright (c) 2022-2023, Manfred Moitzi
+#  License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import (
+    Iterator,
+    Sequence,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Callable,
+    Any,
+    Union,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+from collections import defaultdict
+import enum
+import math
+import dataclasses
+import random
+from ezdxf.math import (
+    Vec2,
+    Vec3,
+    Bezier3P,
+    Bezier4P,
+    intersection_ray_cubic_bezier_2d,
+    quadratic_to_cubic_bezier,
+)
+from ezdxf import const
+from ezdxf.path import Path, LineTo, MoveTo, Curve3To, Curve4To
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.entities.polygon import DXFPolygon
+
+MIN_HATCH_LINE_DISTANCE = 1e-4  # ??? what's a good choice
+NONE_VEC2 = Vec2(math.nan, math.nan)
+KEY_NDIGITS = 4
+SORT_NDIGITS = 10
+
+
+class IntersectionType(enum.IntEnum):
+    NONE = 0
+    REGULAR = 1
+    START = 2
+    END = 3
+    COLLINEAR = 4
+
+
+class HatchingError(Exception):
+    """Base exception class of the :mod:`hatching` module."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class HatchLineDirectionError(HatchingError):
+    """Hatching direction is undefined or a (0, 0) vector."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class DenseHatchingLinesError(HatchingError):
+    """Very small hatching distance which creates too many hatching lines."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Line:
+    start: Vec2
+    end: Vec2
+    distance: float  # normal distance to the hatch baseline
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Intersection:
+    """Represents an intersection."""
+
+    type: IntersectionType = IntersectionType.NONE
+    p0: Vec2 = NONE_VEC2
+    p1: Vec2 = NONE_VEC2
+
+
+def side_of_line(distance: float, abs_tol=1e-12) -> int:
+    if abs(distance) < abs_tol:
+        return 0
+    if distance > 0.0:
+        return +1
+    return -1
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class HatchLine:
+    """Represents a single hatch line.
+
+    Args:
+        origin: the origin of the hatch line as :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` instance
+        direction: the hatch line direction as :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` instance, must not (0, 0)
+        distance: the normal distance to the base hatch line as float
+
+    """
+
+    origin: Vec2
+    direction: Vec2
+    distance: float
+
+    def intersect_line(
+        self,
+        a: Vec2,
+        b: Vec2,
+        dist_a: float,
+        dist_b: float,
+    ) -> Intersection:
+        """Returns the :class:`Intersection` of this hatch line and the line
+        defined by the points `a` and `b`.
+        The arguments `dist_a` and `dist_b` are the signed normal distances of
+        the points `a` and `b` from the hatch baseline.
+        The normal distances from the baseline are easy to calculate by the
+        :meth:`HatchBaseLine.signed_distance` method and allow a fast
+        intersection calculation by a simple point interpolation.
+
+        Args:
+            a: start point of the line as :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` instance
+            b: end point of the line as :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` instance
+            dist_a: normal distance of point `a` to the hatch baseline as float
+            dist_b: normal distance of point `b` to the hatch baseline as float
+
+        """
+        # all distances are normal distances to the hatch baseline
+        line_distance = self.distance
+        side_a = side_of_line(dist_a - line_distance)
+        side_b = side_of_line(dist_b - line_distance)
+        if side_a == 0:
+            if side_b == 0:
+                return Intersection(IntersectionType.COLLINEAR, a, b)
+            else:
+                return Intersection(IntersectionType.START, a)
+        elif side_b == 0:
+            return Intersection(IntersectionType.END, b)
+        elif side_a != side_b:
+            factor = abs((dist_a - line_distance) / (dist_a - dist_b))
+            return Intersection(IntersectionType.REGULAR, a.lerp(b, factor))
+        return Intersection()  # no intersection
+
+    def intersect_cubic_bezier_curve(self, curve: Bezier4P) -> Sequence[Intersection]:
+        """Returns 0 to 3 :class:`Intersection` points of this hatch line with
+        a cubic Bèzier curve.
+
+        Args:
+            curve: the cubic Bèzier curve as :class:`ezdxf.math.Bezier4P` instance
+
+        """
+        return [
+            Intersection(IntersectionType.REGULAR, p, NONE_VEC2)
+            for p in intersection_ray_cubic_bezier_2d(
+                self.origin, self.origin + self.direction, curve
+            )
+        ]
+
+
+class PatternRenderer:
+    """
+    The hatch pattern of a DXF entity has one or more :class:`HatchBaseLine`
+    instances with an origin, direction, offset and line pattern.
+    The :class:`PatternRenderer` for a certain distance from the
+    baseline has to be acquired from the :class:`HatchBaseLine` by the
+    :meth:`~HatchBaseLine.pattern_renderer` method.
+
+    The origin of the hatch line is the starting point of the line
+    pattern. The offset defines the origin of the adjacent
+    hatch line and doesn't have to be orthogonal to the hatch line direction.
+
+    **Line Pattern**
+
+    The line pattern is a sequence of floats, where a value > 0.0 is a dash, a
+    value < 0.0 is a gap and value of 0.0 is a point.
+
+    Args:
+        hatch_line: :class:`HatchLine`
+        pattern: the line pattern as sequence of float values
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hatch_line: HatchLine, pattern: Sequence[float]):
+        self.origin = hatch_line.origin
+        self.direction = hatch_line.direction
+        self.pattern = pattern
+        self.pattern_length = math.fsum([abs(e) for e in pattern])
+
+    def sequence_origin(self, index: float) -> Vec2:
+        return self.origin + self.direction * (self.pattern_length * index)
+
+    def render(self, start: Vec2, end: Vec2) -> Iterator[tuple[Vec2, Vec2]]:
+        """Yields the pattern lines as pairs of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2`
+        instances from the start- to the end point on the hatch line.
+        For points the start- and end point are the same :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2`
+        instance and can be tested by the ``is`` operator.
+
+        The start- and end points should be located collinear at the hatch line
+        of this instance, otherwise the points a projected onto this hatch line.
+
+        """
+        if start.isclose(end):
+            return
+        length = self.pattern_length
+        if length < 1e-9:
+            yield start, end
+            return
+
+        direction = self.direction
+        if direction.dot(end - start) < 0.0:
+            # Line direction is reversed to the pattern line direction!
+            start, end = end, start
+        origin = self.origin
+        s_dist = direction.dot(start - origin)
+        e_dist = direction.dot(end - origin)
+        s_index, s_offset = divmod(s_dist, length)
+        e_index, e_offset = divmod(e_dist, length)
+
+        if s_index == e_index:
+            yield from self.render_offset_to_offset(s_index, s_offset, e_offset)
+            return
+        # line crosses pattern border
+        if s_offset > 0.0:
+            yield from self.render_offset_to_offset(
+                s_index,
+                s_offset,
+                length,
+            )
+            s_index += 1
+
+        while s_index < e_index:
+            yield from self.render_full_pattern(s_index)
+            s_index += 1
+
+        if e_offset > 0.0:
+            yield from self.render_offset_to_offset(
+                s_index,
+                0.0,
+                e_offset,
+            )
+
+    def render_full_pattern(self, index: float) -> Iterator[tuple[Vec2, Vec2]]:
+        # fast pattern rendering
+        direction = self.direction
+        start_point = self.sequence_origin(index)
+        for dash in self.pattern:
+            if dash == 0.0:
+                yield start_point, start_point
+            else:
+                end_point = start_point + direction * abs(dash)
+                if dash > 0.0:
+                    yield start_point, end_point
+                start_point = end_point
+
+    def render_offset_to_offset(
+        self, index: float, s_offset: float, e_offset: float
+    ) -> Iterator[tuple[Vec2, Vec2]]:
+        direction = self.direction
+        origin = self.sequence_origin(index)
+        start_point = origin + direction * s_offset
+        distance = 0.0
+        for dash in self.pattern:
+            distance += abs(dash)
+            if distance < s_offset:
+                continue
+            if dash == 0.0:
+                yield start_point, start_point
+            else:
+                end_point = origin + direction * min(distance, e_offset)
+                if dash > 0.0:
+                    yield start_point, end_point
+                if distance >= e_offset:
+                    return
+                start_point = end_point
+
+
+class HatchBaseLine:
+    """A hatch baseline defines the source line for hatching a geometry.
+    A complete hatch pattern of a DXF entity can consist of one or more hatch
+    baselines.
+
+    Args:
+        origin: the origin of the hatch line as :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` instance
+        direction: the hatch line direction as :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` instance, must not (0, 0)
+        offset: the offset of the hatch line origin to the next or to the previous hatch line
+        line_pattern: line pattern as sequence of floats, see also :class:`PatternRenderer`
+        min_hatch_line_distance: minimum hatch line distance to render, raises an
+            :class:`DenseHatchingLinesError` exception if the distance between hatch
+            lines is smaller than this value
+
+    Raises:
+        HatchLineDirectionError: hatch baseline has no direction, (0, 0) vector
+        DenseHatchingLinesError: hatching lines are too narrow
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        origin: Vec2,
+        direction: Vec2,
+        offset: Vec2,
+        line_pattern: Optional[list[float]] = None,
+        min_hatch_line_distance=MIN_HATCH_LINE_DISTANCE,
+    ):
+        self.origin = origin
+        try:
+            self.direction = direction.normalize()
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            raise HatchLineDirectionError("hatch baseline has no direction")
+        self.offset = offset
+        self.normal_distance: float = (-offset).det(self.direction - offset)
+        if abs(self.normal_distance) < min_hatch_line_distance:
+            raise DenseHatchingLinesError("hatching lines are too narrow")
+        self._end = self.origin + self.direction
+        self.line_pattern: list[float] = line_pattern if line_pattern else []
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return (
+            f"{self.__class__.__name__}(origin={self.origin!r}, "
+            f"direction={self.direction!r}, offset={self.offset!r})"
+        )
+
+    def hatch_line(self, distance: float) -> HatchLine:
+        """Returns the :class:`HatchLine` at the given signed `distance`."""
+        factor = distance / self.normal_distance
+        return HatchLine(self.origin + self.offset * factor, self.direction, distance)
+
+    def signed_distance(self, point: Vec2) -> float:
+        """Returns the signed normal distance of the given `point` from this
+        hatch baseline.
+        """
+        # denominator (_end - origin).magnitude is 1.0 !!!
+        return (self.origin - point).det(self._end - point)
+
+    def pattern_renderer(self, distance: float) -> PatternRenderer:
+        """Returns the :class:`PatternRenderer` for the given signed `distance`."""
+        return PatternRenderer(self.hatch_line(distance), self.line_pattern)
+
+
+def hatch_line_distances(
+    point_distances: Sequence[float], normal_distance: float
+) -> list[float]:
+    """Returns all hatch line distances in the range of the given point
+    distances.
+    """
+    assert normal_distance != 0.0
+    normal_factors = [d / normal_distance for d in point_distances]
+    max_line_number = int(math.ceil(max(normal_factors)))
+    min_line_number = int(math.ceil(min(normal_factors)))
+    return [normal_distance * num for num in range(min_line_number, max_line_number)]
+
+
+def intersect_polygon(
+    baseline: HatchBaseLine, polygon: Sequence[Vec2]
+) -> Iterator[tuple[Intersection, float]]:
+    """Yields all intersection points of the hatch defined by the `baseline` and
+    the given `polygon`.
+
+    Returns the intersection point and the normal-distance from the baseline,
+    intersection points with the same normal-distance lay on the same hatch
+    line.
+
+    """
+    count = len(polygon)
+    if count < 3:
+        return
+    if polygon[0].isclose(polygon[-1]):
+        count -= 1
+        if count < 3:
+            return
+
+    prev_point = polygon[count - 1]  # last point
+    dist_prev = baseline.signed_distance(prev_point)
+    for index in range(count):
+        point = polygon[index]
+        dist_point = baseline.signed_distance(point)
+        for hatch_line_distance in hatch_line_distances(
+            (dist_prev, dist_point), baseline.normal_distance
+        ):
+            hatch_line = baseline.hatch_line(hatch_line_distance)
+            ip = hatch_line.intersect_line(
+                prev_point,
+                point,
+                dist_prev,
+                dist_point,
+            )
+            if (
+                ip.type != IntersectionType.NONE
+                and ip.type != IntersectionType.COLLINEAR
+            ):
+                yield ip, hatch_line_distance
+
+        prev_point = point
+        dist_prev = dist_point
+
+
+def hatch_polygons(
+    baseline: HatchBaseLine,
+    polygons: Sequence[Sequence[Vec2]],
+    terminate: Optional[Callable[[], bool]] = None,
+) -> Iterator[Line]:
+    """Yields all pattern lines for all hatch lines generated by the given
+    :class:`HatchBaseLine`, intersecting the given 2D polygons as :class:`Line`
+    instances.
+    The `polygons` should represent a single entity with or without holes, the
+    order of the polygons and their winding orientation (cw or ccw) is not
+    important. Entities which do not intersect or overlap should be handled
+    separately!
+
+    Each polygon is a sequence of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` instances, they are
+    treated as closed polygons even if the last vertex is not equal to the
+    first vertex.
+
+    The hole detection is done by a simple inside/outside counting algorithm and
+    far from perfect, but is able to handle ordinary polygons well.
+
+    The terminate function WILL BE CALLED PERIODICALLY AND should return
+    ``True`` to terminate execution. This can be used to implement a timeout,
+    which can be required if using a very small hatching distance, especially
+    if you get the data from untrusted sources.
+
+    Args:
+        baseline: :class:`HatchBaseLine`
+        polygons: multiple sequences of :class:`~ezdxf.path.Vec2` instances of
+            a single entity, the order of exterior- and hole paths and the
+            winding orientation (cw or ccw) of paths is not important
+        terminate: callback function which is called periodically and should
+            return ``True`` to terminate the hatching function
+
+    """
+    yield from _hatch_geometry(baseline, polygons, intersect_polygon, terminate)
+
+
+def intersect_path(
+    baseline: HatchBaseLine, path: Path
+) -> Iterator[tuple[Intersection, float]]:
+    """Yields all intersection points of the hatch defined by the `baseline` and
+    the given single `path`.
+
+    Returns the intersection point and the normal-distance from the baseline,
+    intersection points with the same normal-distance lay on the same hatch
+    line.
+
+    """
+    for path_element in _path_elements(path):
+        if isinstance(path_element, Bezier4P):
+            distances = [
+                baseline.signed_distance(p) for p in path_element.control_points
+            ]
+            for hatch_line_distance in hatch_line_distances(
+                distances, baseline.normal_distance
+            ):
+                hatch_line = baseline.hatch_line(hatch_line_distance)
+                for ip in hatch_line.intersect_cubic_bezier_curve(path_element):
+                    yield ip, hatch_line_distance
+        else:  # line
+            a, b = Vec2.generate(path_element)
+            dist_a = baseline.signed_distance(a)
+            dist_b = baseline.signed_distance(b)
+            for hatch_line_distance in hatch_line_distances(
+                (dist_a, dist_b), baseline.normal_distance
+            ):
+                hatch_line = baseline.hatch_line(hatch_line_distance)
+                ip = hatch_line.intersect_line(a, b, dist_a, dist_b)
+                if (
+                    ip.type != IntersectionType.NONE
+                    and ip.type != IntersectionType.COLLINEAR
+                ):
+                    yield ip, hatch_line_distance
+
+
+def _path_elements(path: Path) -> Union[Bezier4P, tuple[Vec2, Vec2]]:
+    if len(path) == 0:
+        return
+    start = path.start
+    path_start = start
+    for command in path.commands():
+        end = command.end
+        if isinstance(command, MoveTo):
+            if not path_start.isclose(start):
+                yield start, path_start  # close sub-path
+            path_start = end
+        elif isinstance(command, LineTo) and not start.isclose(end):
+            yield start, end
+        elif isinstance(command, Curve4To):
+            yield Bezier4P((start, command.ctrl1, command.ctrl2, end))
+        elif isinstance(command, Curve3To):
+            curve3 = Bezier3P((start, command.ctrl, end))
+            yield quadratic_to_cubic_bezier(curve3)
+        start = end
+
+    if not path_start.isclose(start):  # close path
+        yield start, path_start
+
+
+def hatch_paths(
+    baseline: HatchBaseLine,
+    paths: Sequence[Path],
+    terminate: Optional[Callable[[], bool]] = None,
+) -> Iterator[Line]:
+    """Yields all pattern lines for all hatch lines generated by the given
+    :class:`HatchBaseLine`, intersecting the given 2D :class:`~ezdxf.path.Path`
+    instances as :class:`Line` instances. The paths are handled as projected
+    into the xy-plane the z-axis of path vertices will be ignored if present.
+
+    Same as the :func:`hatch_polygons` function, but for :class:`~ezdxf.path.Path`
+    instances instead of polygons build of vertices. This function **does not
+    flatten** the paths into vertices, instead the real intersections of the
+    Bézier curves and the hatch lines are calculated.
+
+    For more information see the docs of the :func:`hatch_polygons` function.
+
+    Args:
+        baseline: :class:`HatchBaseLine`
+        paths: sequence of :class:`~ezdxf.path.Path` instances of a single
+            entity, the order of exterior- and hole paths and the winding
+            orientation (cw or ccw) of the paths is not important
+        terminate: callback function which is called periodically and should
+            return ``True`` to terminate the hatching function
+
+    """
+    yield from _hatch_geometry(baseline, paths, intersect_path, terminate)
+
+
+IFuncType: TypeAlias = Callable[
+    [HatchBaseLine, Any], Iterator[Tuple[Intersection, float]]
+]
+
+
+def _hatch_geometry(
+    baseline: HatchBaseLine,
+    geometries: Sequence[Any],
+    intersection_func: IFuncType,
+    terminate: Optional[Callable[[], bool]] = None,
+) -> Iterator[Line]:
+    """Returns all pattern lines intersecting the given geometries.
+
+    The intersection_func() should yield all intersection points between a
+    HatchBaseLine() and as given geometry.
+
+    The terminate function should return ``True`` to terminate execution
+    otherwise ``False``. Can be used to implement a timeout.
+
+    """
+    points: dict[float, list[Intersection]] = defaultdict(list)
+    for geometry in geometries:
+        if terminate and terminate():
+            return
+        for ip, distance in intersection_func(baseline, geometry):
+            assert ip.type != IntersectionType.NONE
+            points[round(distance, KEY_NDIGITS)].append(ip)
+
+    for distance, vertices in points.items():
+        if terminate and terminate():
+            return
+        start = NONE_VEC2
+        end = NONE_VEC2
+        for line in _line_segments(vertices, distance):
+            if start is NONE_VEC2:
+                start = line.start
+                end = line.end
+                continue
+            if line.start.isclose(end):
+                end = line.end
+            else:
+                yield Line(start, end, distance)
+                start = line.start
+                end = line.end
+
+        if start is not NONE_VEC2:
+            yield Line(start, end, distance)
+
+
+def _line_segments(vertices: list[Intersection], distance: float) -> Iterator[Line]:
+    if len(vertices) < 2:
+        return
+    vertices.sort(key=lambda p: p.p0.round(SORT_NDIGITS))
+    inside = False
+    prev_point = NONE_VEC2
+    for ip in vertices:
+        if ip.type == IntersectionType.NONE or ip.type == IntersectionType.COLLINEAR:
+            continue
+        # REGULAR, START, END
+        point = ip.p0
+        if prev_point is NONE_VEC2:
+            inside = True
+            prev_point = point
+            continue
+        if inside:
+            yield Line(prev_point, point, distance)
+
+        inside = not inside
+        prev_point = point
+
+
+def hatch_entity(
+    polygon: DXFPolygon,
+    filter_text_boxes=True,
+    jiggle_origin: bool = True,
+) -> Iterator[tuple[Vec3, Vec3]]:
+    """Yields the hatch pattern of the given HATCH or MPOLYGON entity as 3D lines.
+    Each line is a pair of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec3` instances as start- and end
+    vertex, points are represented as lines of zero length, which means the
+    start vertex is equal to the end vertex.
+
+    The function yields nothing if `polygon` has a solid- or gradient filling
+    or does not have a usable pattern assigned.
+
+    Args:
+        polygon: :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Hatch` or :class:`~ezdxf.entities.MPolygon`
+            entity
+        filter_text_boxes: ignore text boxes if ``True``
+        jiggle_origin: move pattern line origins a small amount to avoid intersections
+            in corner points which causes errors in patterns
+
+    """
+    if polygon.pattern is None or polygon.dxf.solid_fill:
+        return
+    if len(polygon.pattern.lines) == 0:
+        return
+    ocs = polygon.ocs()
+    elevation = polygon.dxf.elevation.z
+    paths = hatch_boundary_paths(polygon, filter_text_boxes)
+    # todo: MPOLYGON offset
+    # All paths in OCS!
+    for baseline in pattern_baselines(polygon, jiggle_origin=jiggle_origin):
+        for line in hatch_paths(baseline, paths):
+            line_pattern = baseline.pattern_renderer(line.distance)
+            for s, e in line_pattern.render(line.start, line.end):
+                if ocs.transform:
+                    yield ocs.to_wcs((s.x, s.y, elevation)), ocs.to_wcs(
+                        (e.x, e.y, elevation)
+                    )
+                yield Vec3(s), Vec3(e)
+
+
+def hatch_boundary_paths(polygon: DXFPolygon, filter_text_boxes=True) -> list[Path]:
+    """Returns the hatch boundary paths as :class:`ezdxf.path.Path` instances
+    of HATCH and MPOLYGON entities. Ignores text boxes if argument
+    `filter_text_boxes` is ``True``.
+    """
+    from ezdxf.path import from_hatch_boundary_path
+
+    loops = []
+    for boundary in polygon.paths.rendering_paths(polygon.dxf.hatch_style):
+        if filter_text_boxes and boundary.path_type_flags & const.BOUNDARY_PATH_TEXTBOX:
+            continue
+        path = from_hatch_boundary_path(boundary)
+        for sub_path in path.sub_paths():
+            if len(sub_path):
+                sub_path.close()
+                loops.append(sub_path)
+    return loops
+
+
+def _jiggle_factor():
+    # range 0.0003 .. 0.0010
+    return random.random() * 0.0007 + 0.0003
+
+
+def pattern_baselines(
+    polygon: DXFPolygon,
+    min_hatch_line_distance: float = MIN_HATCH_LINE_DISTANCE,
+    *,
+    jiggle_origin: bool = False,
+) -> Iterator[HatchBaseLine]:
+    """Yields the hatch pattern baselines of HATCH and MPOLYGON entities as
+    :class:`HatchBaseLine` instances.  Set `jiggle_origin` to ``True`` to move pattern
+    line origins a small amount to avoid intersections in corner points which causes
+    errors in patterns.
+
+    """
+    pattern = polygon.pattern
+    if not pattern:
+        return
+    # The hatch pattern parameters are already scaled and rotated for direct
+    # usage!
+    # The stored scale and angle is just for reconstructing the base pattern
+    # when applying a new scaling or rotation.
+
+    jiggle_offset = Vec2()
+    if jiggle_origin:
+        # move origin of base pattern lines a small amount to avoid intersections with
+        # boundary corner points
+        offsets: list[float] = [line.offset.magnitude for line in pattern.lines]
+        if len(offsets):
+            # calculate the same random jiggle offset for all pattern base lines
+            mean = sum(offsets) / len(offsets)
+            x = _jiggle_factor() * mean
+            y = _jiggle_factor() * mean
+            jiggle_offset = Vec2(x, y)
+
+    for line in pattern.lines:
+        direction = Vec2.from_deg_angle(line.angle)
+        yield HatchBaseLine(
+            origin=line.base_point + jiggle_offset,
+            direction=direction,
+            offset=line.offset,
+            line_pattern=line.dash_length_items,
+            min_hatch_line_distance=min_hatch_line_distance,
+        )

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/leader.py

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2023, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterator, cast
+
+from ezdxf import ARROWS
+from ezdxf.entities import factory
+from ezdxf.lldxf.const import BYBLOCK
+from ezdxf.math import Vec3, fit_points_to_cad_cv
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.entities import DXFGraphic, Leader, Insert, Spline, Dimension, Line
+
+
+def virtual_entities(leader: Leader) -> Iterator[DXFGraphic]:
+    # Source: https://atlight.github.io/formats/dxf-leader.html
+    # GDAL: DXF LEADER implementation:
+    # https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/blob/master/gdal/ogr/ogrsf_frmts/dxf/ogrdxf_leader.cpp
+    # LEADER DXF Reference:
+    # http://help.autodesk.com/view/OARX/2018/ENU/?guid=GUID-396B2369-F89F-47D7-8223-8B7FB794F9F3
+    assert leader.dxftype() == "LEADER"
+
+    vertices = Vec3.list(leader.vertices)  # WCS
+    if len(vertices) < 2:
+        # This LEADER entities should be removed by the auditor if loaded or
+        # ignored at exporting, if created by an ezdxf-user (log).
+        raise ValueError("More than 1 vertex required.")
+    dxf = leader.dxf
+    doc = leader.doc
+
+    # Some default values depend on the measurement system
+    # 0/1 = imperial/metric
+    if doc:
+        measurement = doc.header.get("$MEASUREMENT", 0)
+    else:
+        measurement = 0
+
+    # Set default styling attributes values:
+    dimtad = 1
+    dimgap = 0.625 if measurement else 0.0625
+    dimscale = 1.0
+    dimclrd = dxf.color
+    dimltype = dxf.linetype
+    dimlwd = dxf.lineweight
+    override = None
+
+    if doc:
+        # get styling attributes from associated DIMSTYLE and/or XDATA override
+        override = leader.override()
+        dimtad = override.get("dimtad", dimtad)
+        dimgap = override.get("dimgap", dimgap)
+        dimscale = override.get("dimscale", dimscale)
+        if dimscale == 0.0:  # special but unknown meaning
+            dimscale = 1.0
+        dimclrd = override.get("dimclrd", dimclrd)
+        dimltype = override.get("dimltype", dimltype)
+        dimlwd = override.get("dimlwd", dimlwd)
+
+    text_width = dxf.text_width
+    hook_line_vector = Vec3(dxf.horizontal_direction)
+    has_text_annotation = dxf.annotation_type == 0
+
+    if has_text_annotation and dxf.has_hookline:
+        if dxf.hookline_direction == 1:
+            hook_line_vector = -hook_line_vector
+        if dimtad != 0 and text_width > 0:
+            hook_line = hook_line_vector * (dimgap * dimscale + text_width)
+            vertices.append(vertices[-1] + hook_line)
+
+    dxfattribs = leader.graphic_properties()
+    dxfattribs["color"] = dimclrd
+    dxfattribs["linetype"] = dimltype
+    dxfattribs["lineweight"] = dimlwd
+
+    if dxfattribs.get("color") == BYBLOCK:
+        dxfattribs["color"] = dxf.block_color
+
+    if dxf.path_type == 1:  # Spline
+        start_tangent = vertices[1] - vertices[0]
+        end_tangent = vertices[-1] - vertices[-2]
+        bspline = fit_points_to_cad_cv(vertices, tangents=[start_tangent, end_tangent])
+        spline = cast("Spline", factory.new("SPLINE", doc=doc))
+        spline.apply_construction_tool(bspline)
+        yield spline
+    else:
+        attribs = dict(dxfattribs)
+        prev = vertices[0]
+        for vertex in vertices[1:]:
+            attribs["start"] = prev
+            attribs["end"] = vertex
+            yield cast(
+                "Line",
+                factory.new(dxftype="LINE", dxfattribs=attribs, doc=doc),
+            )
+            prev = vertex
+
+    if dxf.has_arrowhead and override:
+        arrow_name = override.get("dimldrblk", "")
+        if arrow_name is None:
+            return
+        size = override.get("dimasz", 2.5 if measurement else 0.1875) * dimscale
+        rotation = (vertices[0] - vertices[1]).angle_deg
+        if doc and arrow_name in doc.blocks:
+            dxfattribs.update(
+                {
+                    "name": arrow_name,
+                    "insert": vertices[0],
+                    "rotation": rotation,
+                    "xscale": size,
+                    "yscale": size,
+                    "zscale": size,
+                }
+            )
+            # create a virtual block reference
+            insert = cast(
+                "Insert", factory.new("INSERT", dxfattribs=dxfattribs, doc=doc)
+            )
+            yield from insert.virtual_entities()
+        else:  # render standard arrows
+            yield from ARROWS.virtual_entities(
+                name=arrow_name,
+                insert=vertices[0],
+                size=size,
+                rotation=rotation,
+                dxfattribs=dxfattribs,
+            )

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/linetypes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from typing import Iterable, Iterator
+import ezdxf
+from ezdxf.math import UVec
+from ._linetypes import _LineTypeRenderer, LineSegment
+
+if ezdxf.options.use_c_ext:
+    try:
+        from ezdxf.acc.linetypes import _LineTypeRenderer  # type: ignore
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+
+class LineTypeRenderer(_LineTypeRenderer):
+    def line_segments(self, vertices: Iterable[UVec]) -> Iterator[LineSegment]:
+        last = None
+        for vertex in vertices:
+            if last is not None:
+                yield from self.line_segment(last, vertex)
+            last = vertex

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/mline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast, Sequence, Any
+from itertools import chain
+from ezdxf.entities import factory, MLineStyle
+from ezdxf.math import Vec3, OCS
+import logging
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.entities import MLine, DXFGraphic, Hatch, Line, Arc
+
+__all__ = ["virtual_entities"]
+logger = logging.getLogger("ezdxf")
+
+
+# The MLINE geometry stored in vertices, is the final geometry,
+# scaling factor, justification and MLineStyle settings are already
+# applied.
+
+
+def _dxfattribs(mline) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    attribs = mline.graphic_properties()
+    # True color value of MLINE is ignored by CAD applications:
+    if "true_color" in attribs:
+        del attribs["true_color"]
+    return attribs
+
+
+def virtual_entities(mline: MLine) -> list[DXFGraphic]:
+    """Yields 'virtual' parts of MLINE as LINE, ARC and HATCH entities.
+
+    These entities are located at the original positions, but are not stored
+    in the entity database, have no handle and are not assigned to any
+    layout.
+    """
+
+    def filling() -> Hatch:
+        attribs = _dxfattribs(mline)
+        attribs["color"] = style.dxf.fill_color
+        attribs["elevation"] = Vec3(ocs.from_wcs(bottom_border[0])).replace(
+            x=0.0, y=0.0
+        )
+        attribs["extrusion"] = mline.dxf.extrusion
+        hatch = cast("Hatch", factory.new("HATCH", dxfattribs=attribs, doc=doc))
+        bulges: list[float] = [0.0] * (len(bottom_border) * 2)
+        points = chain(
+            Vec3.generate(ocs.points_from_wcs(bottom_border)),
+            Vec3.generate(ocs.points_from_wcs(reversed(top_border))),
+        )
+        if not closed:
+            if style.get_flag_state(style.END_ROUND):
+                bulges[len(bottom_border) - 1] = 1.0
+            if style.get_flag_state(style.START_ROUND):
+                bulges[-1] = 1.0
+        lwpoints = ((v.x, v.y, bulge) for v, bulge in zip(points, bulges))
+        hatch.paths.add_polyline_path(lwpoints, is_closed=True)
+        return hatch
+
+    def start_cap() -> list[DXFGraphic]:
+        entities: list[DXFGraphic] = []
+        if style.get_flag_state(style.START_SQUARE):
+            entities.extend(create_miter(miter_points[0]))
+        if style.get_flag_state(style.START_ROUND):
+            entities.extend(round_caps(0, top_index, bottom_index))
+        if (
+            style.get_flag_state(style.START_INNER_ARC)
+            and len(style.elements) > 3
+        ):
+            start_index = ordered_indices[-2]
+            end_index = ordered_indices[1]
+            entities.extend(round_caps(0, start_index, end_index))
+        return entities
+
+    def end_cap() -> list[DXFGraphic]:
+        entities: list[DXFGraphic] = []
+        if style.get_flag_state(style.END_SQUARE):
+            entities.extend(create_miter(miter_points[-1]))
+        if style.get_flag_state(style.END_ROUND):
+            entities.extend(round_caps(-1, bottom_index, top_index))
+        if (
+            style.get_flag_state(style.END_INNER_ARC)
+            and len(style.elements) > 3
+        ):
+            start_index = ordered_indices[1]
+            end_index = ordered_indices[-2]
+            entities.extend(round_caps(-1, start_index, end_index))
+        return entities
+
+    def round_caps(miter_index: int, start_index: int, end_index: int):
+        color1 = style.elements[start_index].color
+        color2 = style.elements[end_index].color
+        start = ocs.from_wcs(miter_points[miter_index][start_index])
+        end = ocs.from_wcs(miter_points[miter_index][end_index])
+        return _arc_caps(start, end, color1, color2)
+
+    def _arc_caps(
+        start: Vec3, end: Vec3, color1: int, color2: int
+    ) -> Sequence[Arc]:
+        attribs = _dxfattribs(mline)
+        center = start.lerp(end)
+        radius = (end - start).magnitude / 2.0
+        angle = (start - center).angle_deg
+        attribs["center"] = center
+        attribs["radius"] = radius
+        attribs["color"] = color1
+        attribs["start_angle"] = angle
+        attribs["end_angle"] = angle + (180 if color1 == color2 else 90)
+        arc1 = cast("Arc", factory.new("ARC", dxfattribs=attribs, doc=doc))
+        if color1 == color2:
+            return (arc1,)
+        attribs["start_angle"] = angle + 90
+        attribs["end_angle"] = angle + 180
+        attribs["color"] = color2
+        arc2 = cast("Arc", factory.new("ARC", dxfattribs=attribs, doc=doc))
+        return arc1, arc2
+
+    def lines() -> list[Line]:
+        prev = None
+        _lines: list[Line] = []
+        attribs = _dxfattribs(mline)
+
+        for miter in miter_points:
+            if prev is not None:
+                for index, element in enumerate(style.elements):
+                    attribs["start"] = prev[index]
+                    attribs["end"] = miter[index]
+                    attribs["color"] = element.color
+                    attribs["linetype"] = element.linetype
+                    _lines.append(
+                        cast(
+                            "Line",
+                            factory.new("LINE", dxfattribs=attribs, doc=doc),
+                        )
+                    )
+            prev = miter
+        return _lines
+
+    def display_miter():
+        _lines = []
+        skip = set()
+        skip.add(len(miter_points) - 1)
+        if not closed:
+            skip.add(0)
+        for index, miter in enumerate(miter_points):
+            if index not in skip:
+                _lines.extend(create_miter(miter))
+        return _lines
+
+    def create_miter(miter) -> list[Line]:
+        _lines: list[Line] = []
+        attribs = _dxfattribs(mline)
+        top = miter[top_index]
+        bottom = miter[bottom_index]
+        zero = bottom.lerp(top)
+        element = style.elements[top_index]
+        attribs["start"] = top
+        attribs["end"] = zero
+        attribs["color"] = element.color
+        attribs["linetype"] = element.linetype
+        _lines.append(
+            cast("Line", factory.new("LINE", dxfattribs=attribs, doc=doc))
+        )
+        element = style.elements[bottom_index]
+        attribs["start"] = bottom
+        attribs["end"] = zero
+        attribs["color"] = element.color
+        attribs["linetype"] = element.linetype
+        _lines.append(
+            cast("Line", factory.new("LINE", dxfattribs=attribs, doc=doc))
+        )
+        return _lines
+
+    entities: list[DXFGraphic] = []
+    if not mline.is_alive or mline.doc is None or len(mline.vertices) < 2:
+        return entities
+
+    style: MLineStyle = mline.style  # type: ignore
+    if style is None:
+        return entities
+
+    doc = mline.doc
+    ocs = OCS(mline.dxf.extrusion)
+    element_count = len(style.elements)
+    closed = mline.is_closed
+    ordered_indices = style.ordered_indices()
+    bottom_index = ordered_indices[0]
+    top_index = ordered_indices[-1]
+    bottom_border: list[Vec3] = []
+    top_border: list[Vec3] = []
+    miter_points: list[list[Vec3]] = []
+
+    for vertex in mline.vertices:
+        offsets = vertex.line_params
+        if len(offsets) != element_count:
+            logger.debug(
+                f"Invalid line parametrization for vertex {len(miter_points)} "
+                f"in {str(mline)}."
+            )
+            return entities
+        location = vertex.location
+        miter_direction = vertex.miter_direction
+        miter = []
+        for offset in offsets:
+            try:
+                length = offset[0]
+            except IndexError:  # DXFStructureError?
+                length = 0
+            miter.append(location + miter_direction * length)
+        miter_points.append(miter)
+        top_border.append(miter[top_index])
+        bottom_border.append(miter[bottom_index])
+
+    if closed:
+        miter_points.append(miter_points[0])
+        top_border.append(top_border[0])
+        bottom_border.append(bottom_border[0])
+
+    if not closed:
+        entities.extend(start_cap())
+
+    entities.extend(lines())
+
+    if style.get_flag_state(style.MITER):
+        entities.extend(display_miter())
+
+    if not closed:
+        entities.extend(end_cap())
+
+    if style.get_flag_state(style.FILL):
+        entities.insert(0, filling())
+
+    return entities

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/point.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import cast
+import math
+from ezdxf.entities import factory, Point, DXFGraphic
+from ezdxf.math import Vec3, UCS, NULLVEC
+
+
+def virtual_entities(
+    point: Point, pdsize: float = 1, pdmode: int = 0
+) -> list[DXFGraphic]:
+    """Yields point graphic as DXF primitives LINE and CIRCLE entities.
+    The dimensionless point is rendered as zero-length line!
+
+    Check for this condition::
+
+        e.dxftype() == 'LINE' and e.dxf.start.isclose(e.dxf.end)
+
+    if the rendering engine can't handle zero-length lines.
+
+
+    Args:
+        point: DXF POINT entity
+        pdsize: point size in drawing units
+        pdmode: point styling mode, see :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Point` class
+
+    """
+
+    def add_line_symmetrical(offset: Vec3):
+        dxfattribs["start"] = ucs.to_wcs(-offset)
+        dxfattribs["end"] = ucs.to_wcs(offset)
+        entities.append(cast(DXFGraphic, factory.new("LINE", dxfattribs)))
+
+    def add_line(s: Vec3, e: Vec3):
+        dxfattribs["start"] = ucs.to_wcs(s)
+        dxfattribs["end"] = ucs.to_wcs(e)
+        entities.append(cast(DXFGraphic, factory.new("LINE", dxfattribs)))
+
+    center = point.dxf.location
+    # This is not a real OCS! Defines just the point orientation,
+    # location is in WCS!
+    ocs = point.ocs()
+    ucs = UCS(origin=center, ux=ocs.ux, uz=ocs.uz)
+
+    # The point angle is clockwise oriented:
+    ucs = ucs.rotate_local_z(math.radians(-point.dxf.angle))
+
+    entities: list[DXFGraphic] = []
+    gfx = point.graphic_properties()
+
+    radius = pdsize * 0.5
+    has_circle = bool(pdmode & 32)
+    has_square = bool(pdmode & 64)
+    style = pdmode & 7
+
+    dxfattribs = dict(gfx)
+    if style == 0:  # . dimensionless point as zero-length line
+        add_line_symmetrical(NULLVEC)
+    # style == 1: no point symbol
+    elif style == 2:  # + cross
+        add_line_symmetrical(Vec3(pdsize, 0))
+        add_line_symmetrical(Vec3(0, pdsize))
+    elif style == 3:  # x cross
+        add_line_symmetrical(Vec3(pdsize, pdsize))
+        add_line_symmetrical(Vec3(pdsize, -pdsize))
+    elif style == 4:  # ' tick
+        add_line(NULLVEC, Vec3(0, radius))
+    if has_square:
+        x1 = -radius
+        x2 = radius
+        y1 = -radius
+        y2 = radius
+        add_line(Vec3(x1, y1), Vec3(x2, y1))
+        add_line(Vec3(x2, y1), Vec3(x2, y2))
+        add_line(Vec3(x2, y2), Vec3(x1, y2))
+        add_line(Vec3(x1, y2), Vec3(x1, y1))
+    if has_circle:
+        dxfattribs = dict(gfx)
+        if point.dxf.hasattr("extrusion"):
+            dxfattribs["extrusion"] = ocs.uz
+            dxfattribs["center"] = ocs.from_wcs(center)
+        else:
+            dxfattribs["center"] = center
+        dxfattribs["radius"] = radius
+        entities.append(cast(DXFGraphic, factory.new("CIRCLE", dxfattribs)))
+
+    return entities

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/polyline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Union
+import logging
+import math
+
+from ezdxf.entities import factory
+from ezdxf.lldxf.const import VERTEXNAMES
+from ezdxf.math import Vec3, bulge_to_arc, OCS
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.entities import LWPolyline, Polyline, Line, Arc, Face3d, Polymesh
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("ezdxf")
+
+
+def virtual_lwpolyline_entities(
+    lwpolyline: LWPolyline,
+) -> Iterable[Union[Line, Arc]]:
+    """Yields 'virtual' entities of LWPOLYLINE as LINE or ARC objects.
+
+    These entities are located at the original positions, but are not stored in
+    the entity database, have no handle and are not assigned to any layout.
+
+    (internal API)
+
+    """
+    assert lwpolyline.dxftype() == "LWPOLYLINE"
+
+    points = lwpolyline.get_points("xyb")
+    if len(points) < 2:
+        return
+
+    if lwpolyline.closed:
+        points.append(points[0])
+
+    yield from _virtual_polyline_entities(
+        points=points,
+        elevation=lwpolyline.dxf.elevation,
+        extrusion=lwpolyline.dxf.get("extrusion", None),
+        dxfattribs=lwpolyline.graphic_properties(),
+        doc=lwpolyline.doc,
+    )
+
+
+def virtual_polyline_entities(
+    polyline: Polyline,
+) -> Iterable[Union[Line, Arc, Face3d]]:
+    """Yields 'virtual' entities of POLYLINE as LINE, ARC or 3DFACE objects.
+
+    These entities are located at the original positions, but are not stored in
+    the entity database, have no handle and are not assigned to any layout.
+
+    (internal API)
+
+    """
+    assert polyline.dxftype() == "POLYLINE"
+    if polyline.is_2d_polyline:
+        return virtual_polyline2d_entities(polyline)
+    elif polyline.is_3d_polyline:
+        return virtual_polyline3d_entities(polyline)
+    elif polyline.is_polygon_mesh:
+        return virtual_polymesh_entities(polyline)
+    elif polyline.is_poly_face_mesh:
+        return virtual_polyface_entities(polyline)
+    return []
+
+
+def virtual_polyline2d_entities(
+    polyline: Polyline,
+) -> Iterable[Union[Line, Arc]]:
+    """Yields 'virtual' entities of 2D POLYLINE as LINE or ARC objects.
+
+    These entities are located at the original positions, but are not stored in
+    the entity database, have no handle and are not assigned to any layout.
+
+    (internal API)
+
+    """
+    assert polyline.dxftype() == "POLYLINE"
+    assert polyline.is_2d_polyline
+    if len(polyline.vertices) < 2:
+        return
+
+    points = [
+        (v.dxf.location.x, v.dxf.location.y, v.dxf.bulge)
+        for v in polyline.vertices
+    ]
+    if polyline.is_closed:
+        points.append(points[0])
+
+    yield from _virtual_polyline_entities(
+        points=points,
+        elevation=Vec3(polyline.dxf.get("elevation", (0, 0, 0))).z,
+        extrusion=polyline.dxf.get("extrusion", None),
+        dxfattribs=polyline.graphic_properties(),
+        doc=polyline.doc,
+    )
+
+
+def _virtual_polyline_entities(
+    points, elevation: float, extrusion: Vec3, dxfattribs: dict, doc
+) -> Iterable[Union[Line, Arc]]:
+    ocs = OCS(extrusion) if extrusion else OCS()
+    prev_point = None
+    prev_bulge = None
+
+    for x, y, bulge in points:
+        point = Vec3(x, y, elevation)
+        if prev_point is None:
+            prev_point = point
+            prev_bulge = bulge
+            continue
+
+        attribs = dict(dxfattribs)
+        if prev_bulge != 0:
+            center, start_angle, end_angle, radius = bulge_to_arc(
+                prev_point, point, prev_bulge
+            )
+            if radius > 0:
+                attribs["center"] = Vec3(center.x, center.y, elevation)
+                attribs["radius"] = radius
+                attribs["start_angle"] = math.degrees(start_angle)
+                attribs["end_angle"] = math.degrees(end_angle)
+                if extrusion:
+                    attribs["extrusion"] = extrusion
+                yield factory.new(dxftype="ARC", dxfattribs=attribs, doc=doc)
+        else:
+            attribs["start"] = ocs.to_wcs(prev_point)
+            attribs["end"] = ocs.to_wcs(point)
+            yield factory.new(dxftype="LINE", dxfattribs=attribs, doc=doc)
+        prev_point = point
+        prev_bulge = bulge
+
+
+def virtual_polyline3d_entities(polyline: Polyline) -> Iterable[Line]:
+    """Yields 'virtual' entities of 3D POLYLINE as LINE objects.
+
+    This entities are located at the original positions, but are not stored in
+    the entity database, have no handle and are not assigned to any layout.
+
+    (internal API)
+
+    """
+    assert polyline.dxftype() == "POLYLINE"
+    assert polyline.is_3d_polyline
+    if len(polyline.vertices) < 2:
+        return
+    doc = polyline.doc
+    vertices = polyline.vertices
+    dxfattribs = polyline.graphic_properties()
+    start = -1 if polyline.is_closed else 0
+    for index in range(start, len(vertices) - 1):
+        dxfattribs["start"] = vertices[index].dxf.location
+        dxfattribs["end"] = vertices[index + 1].dxf.location
+        yield factory.new(dxftype="LINE", dxfattribs=dxfattribs, doc=doc)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def virtual_polymesh_entities(polyline: Polyline) -> Iterable[Face3d]:
+    """Yields 'virtual' entities of POLYMESH as 3DFACE objects.
+
+    This entities are located at the original positions, but are not stored in
+    the entity database, have no handle and are not assigned to any layout.
+
+    (internal API)
+
+    """
+    polymesh: "Polymesh" = polyline  # type: ignore
+    assert polymesh.dxftype() == "POLYLINE"
+    assert polymesh.is_polygon_mesh
+
+    doc = polymesh.doc
+    mesh = polymesh.get_mesh_vertex_cache()
+    dxfattribs = polymesh.graphic_properties()
+    m_count = polymesh.dxf.m_count
+    n_count = polymesh.dxf.n_count
+    m_range = m_count - int(not polymesh.is_m_closed)
+    n_range = n_count - int(not polymesh.is_n_closed)
+
+    for m in range(m_range):
+        for n in range(n_range):
+            next_m = (m + 1) % m_count
+            next_n = (n + 1) % n_count
+
+            dxfattribs["vtx0"] = mesh[m, n]
+            dxfattribs["vtx1"] = mesh[next_m, n]
+            dxfattribs["vtx2"] = mesh[next_m, next_n]
+            dxfattribs["vtx3"] = mesh[m, next_n]
+            yield factory.new(dxftype="3DFACE", dxfattribs=dxfattribs, doc=doc)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def virtual_polyface_entities(polyline: Polyline) -> Iterable[Face3d]:
+    """Yields 'virtual' entities of POLYFACE as 3DFACE objects.
+
+    This entities are located at the original positions, but are not stored in
+    the entity database, have no handle and are not assigned to any layout.
+
+    (internal API)
+
+    """
+    assert polyline.dxftype() == "POLYLINE"
+    assert polyline.is_poly_face_mesh
+
+    doc = polyline.doc
+    vertices = polyline.vertices
+    base_attribs = polyline.graphic_properties()
+
+    face_records = (v for v in vertices if v.is_face_record)
+    for face in face_records:
+        # check if vtx0, vtx1 and vtx2 exist
+        for name in VERTEXNAMES[:-1]:
+            if not face.dxf.hasattr(name):
+                logger.info(
+                    f"skipped face {str(face)} with less than 3 vertices"
+                    f"in PolyFaceMesh(#{str(polyline.dxf.handle)})"
+                )
+                continue
+                # Alternate solutions: return a face with less than 3 vertices
+                # as LINE (breaks the method signature) or as degenerated 3DFACE
+                # (vtx0, vtx1, vtx1, vtx1)
+
+        face3d_attribs = dict(base_attribs)
+        face3d_attribs.update(face.graphic_properties())
+        invisible = 0
+        pos = 1
+        indices = (
+            (face.dxf.get(name), name)
+            for name in VERTEXNAMES
+            if face.dxf.hasattr(name)
+        )
+        for index, name in indices:
+            # vertex indices are 1-based, negative indices indicate invisible edges
+            if index < 0:
+                index = abs(index)
+                invisible += pos
+            # python list `vertices` is 0-based
+            face3d_attribs[name] = vertices[index - 1].dxf.location
+            # vertex index bit encoded: 1=0b0001, 2=0b0010, 3=0b0100, 4=0b1000
+            pos <<= 1
+
+        if "vtx3" not in face3d_attribs:
+            # A triangle face ends with two identical vertices vtx2 and vtx3.
+            # This is a requirement defined by AutoCAD.
+            face3d_attribs["vtx3"] = face3d_attribs["vtx2"]
+
+        face3d_attribs["invisible"] = invisible
+        yield factory.new(dxftype="3DFACE", dxfattribs=face3d_attribs, doc=doc)  # type: ignore

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/r12spline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2022 Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+"""
+DXF R12 Splines
+===============
+
+DXF R12 supports 2d B-splines, but Autodesk do not document the usage in the
+DXF Reference. The base entity for splines in DXF R12 is the POLYLINE entity.
+
+Transformed Into 3D Space
+-------------------------
+
+The spline itself is always in a plane, but as any 2D entity, the spline can be
+transformed into the 3D object by elevation, extrusion and thickness/width.
+
+Open Quadratic Spline with Fit Vertices
+-------------------------------------
+
+Example: 2D_SPLINE_QUADRATIC.dxf
+expected knot vector: open uniform
+degree: 2
+order: 3
+
+POLYLINE:
+flags (70): 4 = SPLINE_FIT_VERTICES_ADDED
+smooth type (75): 5 = QUADRATIC_BSPLINE
+
+Sequence of VERTEX
+flags (70): SPLINE_VERTEX_CREATED = 8  # Spline vertex created by spline-fitting
+
+This vertices are the curve vertices of the spline (fitted).
+
+Frame control vertices appear after the curve vertices.
+
+Sequence of VERTEX
+flags (70): SPLINE_FRAME_CONTROL_POINT = 16
+
+No control point at the starting point, but a control point at the end point,
+last control point == last fit vertex
+
+Closed Quadratic Spline with Fit Vertices
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Example: 2D_SPLINE_QUADRATIC_CLOSED.dxf
+expected knot vector: closed uniform
+degree: 2
+order: 3
+
+POLYLINE:
+flags (70): 5 = CLOSED | SPLINE_FIT_VERTICES_ADDED
+smooth type (75): 5 = QUADRATIC_BSPLINE
+
+Sequence of VERTEX
+flags (70): SPLINE_VERTEX_CREATED = 8  # Spline vertex created by spline-fitting
+
+Frame control vertices appear after the curve vertices.
+
+Sequence of VERTEX
+flags (70): SPLINE_FRAME_CONTROL_POINT = 16
+
+
+Open Cubic Spline with Fit Vertices
+-----------------------------------
+
+Example: 2D_SPLINE_CUBIC.dxf
+expected knot vector: open uniform
+degree: 3
+order: 4
+
+POLYLINE:
+flags (70): 4 = SPLINE_FIT_VERTICES_ADDED
+smooth type (75): 6 = CUBIC_BSPLINE
+
+Sequence of VERTEX
+flags (70): SPLINE_VERTEX_CREATED = 8  # Spline vertex created by spline-fitting
+
+This vertices are the curve vertices of the spline (fitted).
+
+Frame control vertices appear after the curve vertices.
+
+Sequence of VERTEX
+flags (70): SPLINE_FRAME_CONTROL_POINT = 16
+
+No control point at the starting point, but a control point at the end point,
+last control point == last fit vertex
+
+Closed Curve With Extra Vertices Created
+----------------------------------------
+
+Example: 2D_FIT_CURVE_CLOSED.dxf
+
+POLYLINE:
+flags (70): 3 = CLOSED | CURVE_FIT_VERTICES_ADDED
+
+Vertices with bulge values:
+
+flags (70): 1 = EXTRA_VERTEX_CREATED
+Vertex 70=0, Vertex 70=1, Vertex 70=0, Vertex 70=1
+
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Optional
+from ezdxf.lldxf import const
+from ezdxf.math import BSpline, closed_uniform_bspline, Vec3, UCS, UVec
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.layouts import BaseLayout
+    from ezdxf.entities import Polyline
+
+
+class R12Spline:
+    """DXF R12 supports 2D B-splines, but Autodesk do not document the usage
+    in the DXF Reference. The base entity for splines in DXF R12 is the POLYLINE
+    entity. The spline itself is always in a plane, but as any 2D entity, the
+    spline can be transformed into the 3D object by elevation and extrusion
+    (:ref:`OCS`, :ref:`UCS`).
+
+    This way it was possible to store the spline parameters in the DXF R12 file,
+    to allow CAD applications to modify the spline parameters and rerender the
+    B-spline afterward again as polyline approximation. Therefore, the result is
+    not better than an approximation by the :class:`Spline` class, it is also
+    just a POLYLINE entity, but maybe someone need exact this tool in the
+    future.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        control_points: Iterable[UVec],
+        degree: int = 2,
+        closed: bool = True,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            control_points: B-spline control frame vertices
+            degree: degree of B-spline, only 2 and 3 is supported
+            closed: ``True`` for closed curve
+
+        """
+        self.control_points = Vec3.list(control_points)
+        self.degree = degree
+        self.closed = closed
+
+    def approximate(
+        self, segments: int = 40, ucs: Optional[UCS] = None
+    ) -> list[UVec]:
+        """Approximate the B-spline by a polyline with `segments` line segments.
+        If `ucs` is not ``None``, ucs defines an :class:`~ezdxf.math.UCS`, to
+        transform the curve into :ref:`OCS`. The control points are placed
+        xy-plane of the UCS, don't use z-axis coordinates, if so make sure all
+        control points are in a plane parallel to the OCS base plane
+        (UCS xy-plane), else the result is unpredictable and depends on the CAD
+        application used to open the DXF file - it may crash.
+
+        Args:
+            segments: count of line segments for approximation, vertex count is
+                `segments` + 1
+            ucs: :class:`~ezdxf.math.UCS` definition, control points in ucs
+                coordinates
+
+        Returns:
+            list of vertices in :class:`~ezdxf.math.OCS` as
+            :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec3` objects
+
+        """
+        if self.closed:
+            spline = closed_uniform_bspline(
+                self.control_points, order=self.degree + 1
+            )
+        else:
+            spline = BSpline(self.control_points, order=self.degree + 1)
+        vertices = spline.approximate(segments)
+        if ucs is not None:
+            vertices = (ucs.to_ocs(vertex) for vertex in vertices)
+        return list(vertices)
+
+    def render(
+        self,
+        layout: BaseLayout,
+        segments: int = 40,
+        ucs: Optional[UCS] = None,
+        dxfattribs=None,
+    ) -> Polyline:
+        """Renders the B-spline into `layout` as 2D :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+        entity. Use an :class:`~ezdxf.math.UCS` to place the 2D spline in the
+        3D space, see :meth:`approximate` for more information.
+
+        Args:
+            layout: :class:`~ezdxf.layouts.BaseLayout` object
+            segments: count of line segments for approximation, vertex count is
+                `segments` + 1
+            ucs: :class:`~ezdxf.math.UCS` definition, control points in ucs
+                coordinates.
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+
+        """
+        polyline = layout.add_polyline2d(points=[], dxfattribs=dxfattribs)
+        flags = polyline.SPLINE_FIT_VERTICES_ADDED
+        if self.closed:
+            flags |= polyline.CLOSED
+        polyline.dxf.flags = flags
+
+        if self.degree == 2:
+            smooth_type = polyline.QUADRATIC_BSPLINE
+        elif self.degree == 3:
+            smooth_type = polyline.CUBIC_BSPLINE
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("invalid degree of spline")
+        polyline.dxf.smooth_type = smooth_type
+
+        # set OCS extrusion vector
+        if ucs is not None:
+            polyline.dxf.extrusion = ucs.uz
+
+        # add fit points in OCS
+        polyline.append_vertices(
+            self.approximate(segments, ucs),
+            dxfattribs={
+                "layer": polyline.dxf.layer,
+                "flags": const.VTX_SPLINE_VERTEX_CREATED,
+            },
+        )
+
+        # add control frame points in OCS
+        control_points = self.control_points
+        if ucs is not None:
+            control_points = list(ucs.points_to_ocs(control_points))
+            polyline.dxf.elevation = (0, 0, control_points[0].z)
+        polyline.append_vertices(
+            control_points,
+            dxfattribs={
+                "layer": polyline.dxf.layer,
+                "flags": const.VTX_SPLINE_FRAME_CONTROL_POINT,
+            },
+        )
+        return polyline

.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/ezdxf/render/trace.py

@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2022, Manfred Moitzi
+# License: MIT License
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Iterable,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    Sequence,
+    Optional,
+)
+from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+from abc import abstractmethod
+from collections import namedtuple
+import math
+import numpy as np
+
+from ezdxf.math import (
+    Vec2,
+    Vec3,
+    UVec,
+    BSpline,
+    ConstructionRay,
+    OCS,
+    ParallelRaysError,
+    bulge_to_arc,
+    ConstructionArc,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ezdxf.document import Drawing
+    from ezdxf.entities import DXFGraphic, Solid, Trace, Face3d, LWPolyline, Polyline
+
+__all__ = ["TraceBuilder", "LinearTrace", "CurvedTrace"]
+
+LinearStation = namedtuple("LinearStation", ("vertex", "start_width", "end_width"))
+# start_width of the next (following) segment
+# end_width of the next (following) segment
+
+CurveStation = namedtuple("CurveStation", ("vertex0", "vertex1"))
+
+Face: TypeAlias = Tuple[Vec2, Vec2, Vec2, Vec2]
+Polygon: TypeAlias = Sequence[Vec2]
+Quadrilateral: TypeAlias = Union["Solid", "Trace", "Face3d"]
+
+
+class AbstractTrace:
+    @abstractmethod
+    def faces(self) -> Iterable[Face]:
+        # vertex order: up1, down1, down2, up2
+        # faces connections:
+        # up2 -> next up1
+        # down2 -> next down1
+        pass
+
+    def polygon(self) -> Polygon:
+        def merge(vertices: Polygon) -> Iterable[UVec]:
+            if not len(vertices):
+                return
+
+            _vertices = iter(vertices)
+            prev = next(_vertices)
+            yield prev
+            for vertex in _vertices:
+                if not prev.isclose(vertex):
+                    yield vertex
+                    prev = vertex
+
+        forward_contour: list[Vec2] = []
+        backward_contour: list[Vec2] = []
+        for up1, down1, down2, up2 in self.faces():
+            forward_contour.extend((down1, down2))
+            backward_contour.extend((up1, up2))
+
+        contour = list(merge(forward_contour))
+        contour.extend(reversed(list(merge(backward_contour))))
+        return contour
+
+    def virtual_entities(
+        self, dxftype="TRACE", dxfattribs=None, doc: Optional[Drawing] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[Quadrilateral]:
+        """
+        Yields faces as SOLID, TRACE or 3DFACE entities with DXF attributes
+        given in `dxfattribs`.
+
+        If a document is given, the doc attribute of the new entities will be
+        set and the new entities will be automatically added to the entity
+        database of that document.
+
+        Args:
+            dxftype: DXF type as string, "SOLID", "TRACE" or "3DFACE"
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for SOLID, TRACE or 3DFACE entities
+            doc: associated document
+
+        """
+        from ezdxf.entities.factory import new
+
+        if dxftype not in {"SOLID", "TRACE", "3DFACE"}:
+            raise TypeError(f"Invalid dxftype {dxftype}.")
+        dxfattribs = dict(dxfattribs or {})
+        for face in self.faces():
+            for i in range(4):
+                dxfattribs[f"vtx{i}"] = face[i]
+
+            if dxftype != "3DFACE":
+                # weird vertex order for SOLID and TRACE
+                dxfattribs["vtx2"] = face[3]
+                dxfattribs["vtx3"] = face[2]
+            entity = new(dxftype, dxfattribs, doc)
+            if doc:
+                doc.entitydb.add(entity)
+            yield entity  # type: ignore
+
+
+class LinearTrace(AbstractTrace):
+    """Linear 2D banded lines like polylines with start- and end width.
+
+    Accepts 3D input, but z-axis is ignored.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._stations: list[LinearStation] = []
+        self.abs_tol = 1e-12
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._stations)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        return self._stations[item]
+
+    @property
+    def is_started(self) -> bool:
+        """`True` if at least one station exist."""
+        return bool(self._stations)
+
+    def add_station(
+        self, point: UVec, start_width: float, end_width: Optional[float] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add a trace station (like a vertex) at location `point`,
+        `start_width` is the width of the next segment starting at this station,
+        `end_width` is the end width of the next segment.
+
+        Adding the last location again, replaces the actual last location e.g.
+        adding lines (a, b), (b, c), creates only 3 stations (a, b, c), this is
+        very important to connect to/from splines.
+
+        Args:
+            point: 2D location (vertex), z-axis of 3D vertices is ignored.
+            start_width: start width of next segment
+            end_width:  end width of next segment
+
+        """
+        if end_width is None:
+            end_width = start_width
+        point = Vec2(point)
+        stations = self._stations
+
+        if bool(stations) and stations[-1].vertex.isclose(point, abs_tol=self.abs_tol):
+            # replace last station
+            stations.pop()
+        stations.append(LinearStation(point, float(start_width), float(end_width)))
+
+    def faces(self) -> Iterable[Face]:
+        """Yields all faces as 4-tuples of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` objects.
+
+        First and last miter is 90 degrees if the path is not closed, otherwise
+        the intersection of first and last segment is taken into account,
+        a closed path has to have explicit the same last and first vertex.
+
+        """
+        stations = self._stations
+        count = len(stations)
+        if count < 2:  # Two or more stations required to create faces
+            return
+
+        def offset_rays(
+            segment: int,
+        ) -> tuple[ConstructionRay, ConstructionRay]:
+            """Create offset rays from segment offset vertices."""
+
+            def ray(v1, v2):
+                if v1.isclose(v2):
+                    # vertices too close to define a ray, offset ray is parallel to segment:
+                    angle = (
+                        stations[segment].vertex - stations[segment + 1].vertex
+                    ).angle
+                    return ConstructionRay(v1, angle)
+                else:
+                    return ConstructionRay(v1, v2)
+
+            left1, left2, right1, right2 = segments[segment]
+            return ray(left1, left2), ray(right1, right2)
+
+        def intersect(
+            ray1: ConstructionRay, ray2: ConstructionRay, default: Vec2
+        ) -> Vec2:
+            """Intersect two rays but take parallel rays into account."""
+            # check for nearly parallel rays pi/100 ~1.8 degrees
+            angle = abs(ray1.direction.angle_between(ray2.direction))
+            if angle < 0.031415 or abs(math.pi - angle) < 0.031415:
+                return default
+            try:
+                return ray1.intersect(ray2)
+            except ParallelRaysError:
+                return default
+
+        # Path has to be explicit closed by vertices:
+        is_closed = stations[0].vertex.isclose(stations[-1].vertex)
+
+        segments = []
+        # Each segment has 4 offset vertices normal to the line from start- to
+        # end vertex
+        # 1st vertex left of line at the start, distance = start_width/2
+        # 2nd vertex left of line at the end, distance = end_width/2
+        # 3rd vertex right of line at the start, distance = start_width/2
+        # 4th vertex right of line at the end, distance = end_width/2
+        for station in range(count - 1):
+            start_vertex, start_width, end_width = stations[station]
+            end_vertex = stations[station + 1].vertex
+            # Start- and end vertex are never to close together, close stations
+            # will be merged in method LinearTrace.add_station().
+            segments.append(
+                _normal_offset_points(start_vertex, end_vertex, start_width, end_width)
+            )
+
+        # offset rays:
+        # 1 is the upper or left of line
+        # 2 is the lower or right of line
+        offset_ray1, offset_ray2 = offset_rays(0)
+        prev_offset_ray1 = None
+        prev_offset_ray2 = None
+
+        # Store last vertices explicit, they get modified for closed paths.
+        last_up1, last_up2, last_down1, last_down2 = segments[-1]
+
+        for i in range(len(segments)):
+            up1, up2, down1, down2 = segments[i]
+            if i == 0:
+                # Set first vertices of the first face.
+                if is_closed:
+                    # Compute first two vertices as intersection of first and
+                    # last segment
+                    last_offset_ray1, last_offset_ray2 = offset_rays(len(segments) - 1)
+                    vtx0 = intersect(last_offset_ray1, offset_ray1, up1)
+                    vtx1 = intersect(last_offset_ray2, offset_ray2, down1)
+
+                    # Store last vertices for the closing face.
+                    last_up2 = vtx0
+                    last_down2 = vtx1
+                else:
+                    # Set first two vertices of the first face for an open path.
+                    vtx0 = up1
+                    vtx1 = down1
+                prev_offset_ray1 = offset_ray1
+                prev_offset_ray2 = offset_ray2
+            else:
+                # Compute first two vertices for the actual face.
+                vtx0 = intersect(prev_offset_ray1, offset_ray1, up1)  # type: ignore
+                vtx1 = intersect(prev_offset_ray2, offset_ray2, down1)  # type: ignore
+
+            if i < len(segments) - 1:
+                # Compute last two vertices for the actual face.
+                next_offset_ray1, next_offset_ray2 = offset_rays(i + 1)
+                vtx2 = intersect(next_offset_ray2, offset_ray2, down2)
+                vtx3 = intersect(next_offset_ray1, offset_ray1, up2)
+                prev_offset_ray1 = offset_ray1
+                prev_offset_ray2 = offset_ray2
+                offset_ray1 = next_offset_ray1
+                offset_ray2 = next_offset_ray2
+            else:
+                # Pickup last two vertices for the last face.
+                vtx2 = last_down2
+                vtx3 = last_up2
+            yield vtx0, vtx1, vtx2, vtx3
+
+
+def _normal_offset_points(
+    start: Vec2, end: Vec2, start_width: float, end_width: float
+) -> Face:
+    dir_vector = (end - start).normalize()
+    ortho = dir_vector.orthogonal(True)
+    offset_start = ortho.normalize(start_width / 2)
+    offset_end = ortho.normalize(end_width / 2)
+    return (
+        start + offset_start,
+        end + offset_end,
+        start - offset_start,
+        end - offset_end,
+    )
+
+
+_NULLVEC2 = Vec2((0, 0))
+
+
+class CurvedTrace(AbstractTrace):
+    """2D banded curves like arcs or splines with start- and end width.
+
+    Represents always only one curved entity and all miter of curve segments
+    are perpendicular to curve tangents.
+
+    Accepts 3D input, but z-axis is ignored.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._stations: list[CurveStation] = []
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._stations)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        return self._stations[item]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_spline(
+        cls,
+        spline: BSpline,
+        start_width: float,
+        end_width: float,
+        segments: int,
+    ) -> CurvedTrace:
+        """
+        Create curved trace from a B-spline.
+
+        Args:
+            spline: :class:`~ezdxf.math.BSpline` object
+            start_width: start width
+            end_width: end width
+            segments: count of segments for approximation
+
+        """
+        curve_trace = cls()
+        count = segments + 1
+        t = np.linspace(0, spline.max_t, count)
+        for (point, derivative), width in zip(
+            spline.derivatives(t, n=1), np.linspace(start_width, end_width, count)
+        ):
+            normal = Vec2(derivative).orthogonal(True)
+            curve_trace._append(Vec2(point), normal, width)
+        return curve_trace
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_arc(
+        cls,
+        arc: ConstructionArc,
+        start_width: float,
+        end_width: float,
+        segments: int = 64,
+    ) -> CurvedTrace:
+        """
+        Create curved trace from an arc.
+
+        Args:
+            arc: :class:`~ezdxf.math.ConstructionArc` object
+            start_width: start width
+            end_width: end width
+            segments: count of segments for full circle (360 degree)
+                approximation, partial arcs have proportional less segments,
+                but at least 3
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: if arc.radius <= 0
+
+        """
+        if arc.radius <= 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid radius: {arc.radius}.")
+        curve_trace = cls()
+        count = max(math.ceil(arc.angle_span / 360.0 * segments), 3) + 1
+        center = Vec2(arc.center)
+        for point, width in zip(
+            arc.vertices(arc.angles(count)),
+            np.linspace(start_width, end_width, count),
+        ):
+            curve_trace._append(point, point - center, width)
+        return curve_trace
+
+    def _append(self, point: Vec2, normal: Vec2, width: float) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a curve trace station (like a vertex) at location `point`.
+
+        Args:
+            point: 2D curve location (vertex), z-axis of 3D vertices is ignored.
+            normal: curve normal
+            width:  width of station
+
+        """
+        if _NULLVEC2.isclose(normal):
+            normal = _NULLVEC2
+        else:
+            normal = normal.normalize(width / 2)
+        self._stations.append(CurveStation(point + normal, point - normal))
+
+    def faces(self) -> Iterable[Face]:
+        """Yields all faces as 4-tuples of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` objects."""
+        count = len(self._stations)
+        if count < 2:  # Two or more stations required to create faces
+            return
+
+        vtx0 = None
+        vtx1 = None
+        for vtx2, vtx3 in self._stations:
+            if vtx0 is None:
+                vtx0 = vtx3
+                vtx1 = vtx2
+                continue
+            yield vtx0, vtx1, vtx2, vtx3
+            vtx0 = vtx3
+            vtx1 = vtx2
+
+
+class TraceBuilder(Sequence):
+    """Sequence of 2D banded lines like polylines with start- and end width or
+    curves with start- and end width.
+
+
+    .. note::
+
+        Accepts 3D input, but z-axis is ignored. The :class:`TraceBuilder` is a
+        2D only object and uses only the :ref:`OCS` coordinates!
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._traces: list[AbstractTrace] = []
+        self.abs_tol = 1e-12
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._traces)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        return self._traces[item]
+
+    def append(self, trace: AbstractTrace) -> None:
+        """Append a new trace."""
+        self._traces.append(trace)
+
+    def faces(self) -> Iterable[Face]:
+        """Yields all faces as 4-tuples of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` objects
+        in :ref:`OCS`.
+        """
+        for trace in self._traces:
+            yield from trace.faces()
+
+    def faces_wcs(self, ocs: OCS, elevation: float) -> Iterable[Sequence[Vec3]]:
+        """Yields all faces as 4-tuples of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec3` objects
+        in :ref:`WCS`.
+        """
+        for face in self.faces():
+            yield tuple(ocs.points_to_wcs(Vec3(v.x, v.y, elevation) for v in face))
+
+    def polygons(self) -> Iterable[Polygon]:
+        """Yields for each sub-trace a single polygon as sequence of
+        :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec2` objects in :ref:`OCS`.
+        """
+        for trace in self._traces:
+            yield trace.polygon()
+
+    def polygons_wcs(self, ocs: OCS, elevation: float) -> Iterable[Sequence[Vec3]]:
+        """Yields for each sub-trace a single polygon as sequence of
+        :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vec3` objects in :ref:`WCS`.
+        """
+        for trace in self._traces:
+            yield tuple(
+                ocs.points_to_wcs(Vec3(v.x, v.y, elevation) for v in trace.polygon())
+            )
+
+    def virtual_entities(
+        self, dxftype="TRACE", dxfattribs=None, doc: Optional[Drawing] = None
+    ) -> Iterable[Quadrilateral]:
+        """Yields faces as SOLID, TRACE or 3DFACE entities with DXF attributes
+        given in `dxfattribs`.
+
+        If a document is given, the doc attribute of the new entities will be
+        set and the new entities will be automatically added to the entity
+        database of that document.
+
+        .. note::
+
+            The :class:`TraceBuilder` is a 2D only object and uses only the
+            :ref:`OCS` coordinates!
+
+        Args:
+            dxftype: DXF type as string, "SOLID", "TRACE" or "3DFACE"
+            dxfattribs: DXF attributes for SOLID, TRACE or 3DFACE entities
+            doc: associated document
+
+        """
+        for trace in self._traces:
+            yield from trace.virtual_entities(dxftype, dxfattribs, doc)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close multi traces by merging first and last trace, if linear traces."""
+        traces = self._traces
+        if len(traces) < 2:
+            return
+        if isinstance(traces[0], LinearTrace) and isinstance(traces[-1], LinearTrace):
+            first = cast(LinearTrace, traces.pop(0))
+            last = cast(LinearTrace, traces[-1])
+            for point, start_width, end_width in first:
+                last.add_station(point, start_width, end_width)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_polyline(cls, polyline: DXFGraphic, segments: int = 64) -> TraceBuilder:
+        """
+        Create a complete trace from a LWPOLYLINE or a 2D POLYLINE entity, the
+        trace consist of multiple sub-traces if :term:`bulge` values are
+        present. Uses only the :ref:`OCS` coordinates!
+
+        Args:
+            polyline: :class:`~ezdxf.entities.LWPolyline` or 2D
+                :class:`~ezdxf.entities.Polyline`
+            segments: count of segments for bulge approximation, given count is
+                for a full circle, partial arcs have proportional less segments,
+                but at least 3
+
+        """
+        dxftype = polyline.dxftype()
+        if dxftype == "LWPOLYLINE":
+            polyline = cast("LWPolyline", polyline)
+            const_width = polyline.dxf.const_width
+            points = []
+            for x, y, start_width, end_width, bulge in polyline.lwpoints:
+                location = Vec2(x, y)
+                if const_width:
+                    # This is AutoCAD behavior, BricsCAD uses const width
+                    # only for missing width values.
+                    start_width = const_width
+                    end_width = const_width
+                points.append((location, start_width, end_width, bulge))
+            closed = polyline.closed
+        elif dxftype == "POLYLINE":
+            polyline = cast("Polyline", polyline)
+            if not polyline.is_2d_polyline:
+                raise TypeError("2D POLYLINE required")
+            closed = polyline.is_closed
+            default_start_width = polyline.dxf.default_start_width
+            default_end_width = polyline.dxf.default_end_width
+            points = []
+            for vertex in polyline.vertices:
+                location = Vec2(vertex.dxf.location)
+                if vertex.dxf.hasattr("start_width"):
+                    start_width = vertex.dxf.start_width
+                else:
+                    start_width = default_start_width
+                if vertex.dxf.hasattr("end_width"):
+                    end_width = vertex.dxf.end_width
+                else:
+                    end_width = default_end_width
+                bulge = vertex.dxf.bulge
+                points.append((location, start_width, end_width, bulge))
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Invalid DXF type {dxftype}")
+
+        if closed and not points[0][0].isclose(points[-1][0]):
+            # close polyline explicit
+            points.append(points[0])
+
+        trace = cls()
+        store_bulge = None
+        store_start_width = None
+        store_end_width = None
+        store_point = None
+
+        linear_trace = LinearTrace()
+        for point, start_width, end_width, bulge in points:
+            if store_bulge:
+                center, start_angle, end_angle, radius = bulge_to_arc(
+                    store_point, point, store_bulge
+                )
+                if radius > 0:
+                    arc = ConstructionArc(
+                        center,
+                        radius,
+                        math.degrees(start_angle),
+                        math.degrees(end_angle),
+                        is_counter_clockwise=True,
+                    )
+                    if arc.start_point.isclose(point):
+                        sw = store_end_width
+                        ew = store_start_width
+                    else:
+                        ew = store_end_width
+                        sw = store_start_width
+                    trace.append(CurvedTrace.from_arc(arc, sw, ew, segments))
+                store_bulge = None
+
+            if bulge != 0:  # arc from prev_point to point
+                if linear_trace.is_started:
+                    linear_trace.add_station(point, start_width, end_width)
+                    trace.append(linear_trace)
+                    linear_trace = LinearTrace()
+                store_bulge = bulge
+                store_start_width = start_width
+                store_end_width = end_width
+                store_point = point
+                continue
+
+            linear_trace.add_station(point, start_width, end_width)
+        if linear_trace.is_started:
+            trace.append(linear_trace)
+
+        if closed and len(trace) > 1:
+            # This is required for traces with multiple paths to create the correct
+            # miter at the closing point. (only linear to linear trace).
+            trace.close()
+        return trace